Articles of Ethylene Glycol Dibenzoate are included as well. Quality Dibenzoate Plasticizers & Dipropylene Glycol Dibenzoate Diethylene glycol dibenzoate | Pharos The increased glycogenolysis and subsequent glycogen breakdown would be expected to mobilize glucose, thereby increasing circulating blood glucose levels. Common concerns. DEG is metabolized by alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases to two primary metabolites, 2-hydroxyethoxyacetic acid (2-HEAA) and diglycolic acid (DGA). Diethylene glycol dibenzoate | C18H18O5 | CID 8437 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological . RTECS:ID6650000 - Diethylene glycol, dibenzoate - The Registry of Toxic Kidney and liver tissue injury in DEG treated rats. 2013 Dec;51(10):923-9. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2013.850504. Besenhofer L, Adegboyega P, Bartels M, Filary M, Perala A, McLaren M, McMartin K. Inhibition of metabolism of diethylene glycol prevents target organ toxicity in rats. No other related information on this agent was found. %%EOF Effects of diethylene glycol dibenzoate and Bisphenol A on the lipid These experiments have demonstrated that DEG-induced kidney and liver toxicity and metabolic acidosis depict a steep threshold dose response; whereby, essentially no toxicity was observed at the lower 2 and 5 g/kg doses, but toxicity was substantial and severe at 10 g/kg dose. EWG Skin Deep | What is DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE In addition to severe renal injury, DEG-induced toxic effects on the liver have also been observed (Schep et al., 2009). Is hypersensitivity pneumonitis work-related. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. [Na++K+]-[Cl-+HCO3-]). The LSU Health Sciences Center Ike Muslow Predoctoral Fellowship and the AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals Graduate Student Fellowship provided stipend and research support for G.M. Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide. chemicals not covered, or whether chemicals have pending IRIS toxicity values) may be directed to the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development's National Center for Environmental Assessment, Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center (513-569-7300), or OSRTI. 120-55-8 - NXQMCAOPTPLPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N - ChemIDplus Synonyms. In: Bancroft J, Gamble M, editors. HW5}.7). Severe and marked glycogen depletion occurred in the livers of both rat strains treated with 10 g/kg DEG when compared to control animals (Fig. Triethylene glycol dibenzoate | C20H22O6 - PubChem Magnification 100 for all images. Solvent Toxicity - Diethylene Glycol - U.OSU Canadian . 1927 0 obj <>stream There were no significant differences between the strains. Baj J, Forma A, Kobak J, Tyczyska M, Dudek I, Maani A, Teresiski G, Buszewicz G, Januszewski J, Flieger J. Int J Environ Res Public Health. and transmitted securely. Both strains receiving 10 g/kg DEG were oliguric by 36 h (significantly lower urine volumes than controls) and had become an-uric by 48 h. Additionally at the high dose only, DEG-treated F-344 and Wistar rat kidneys appeared large, swollen, and weighed substantially more than the control kidneys. No increases in anion gap were observed at the 2 and 5 g/kg doses (Table 1). The kidney DGA levels in this study were roughly 1015 times higher than the limit of quantitation (Fig. Updated. As such, these studies clearly demonstrated that Wistar and F-344 rats show equal sensitivity to DEG-induced toxicity, so either strain could be used in mechanistic studies or for health risk assessments related to DEG. Diethylene glycol dibenzoate | C18H18O5 - PubChem The aim of this review is to summarize all main aspects of DEG poisoning including epidemiology, toxicokinetics, mechanisms of toxicity, clinical features, toxicity of DEG, diagnosis, and management. 2008. The invention relates to a preparation method of a plasticizer, particularly a preparation method of a plasticizer diethylene glycol dibenzoate, which comprises the following steps: heating benzoic acid and diethylene glycol until the benzoic acid is dissolved, adding a catalyst to carry out reflux reaction, starting a vacuum pump, heating to 200-220 DEG C, keeping the temperature to react . Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Molecular Weight: 314.34 Molecular Formula: C18H18O5 Additional Metadata. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Sosa NR, Rodriguez GM, Schier JG, Sejvar JJ. There was no liver or kidney toxicity at the lower DEG doses (2 and 5 g/kg) regardless of strain, demonstrating a steep threshold dose response. 2011 Oct;123(2):374-83. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr197. Introduction: DEG has recently been involved in several mass epidemics of renal failure and death world-wide (OBrien et al., 1998; Schier et al., 2013). Data are represented as means SEM (n = 3 for Wistar (2 g/kg); n = 4 for all other groups). You may switch to Article in classic view. It is a colorless, odorless, hygroscopic liquid with a sweet taste. Mechanisms of toxicity: Both Wistar and F-344 rats show normal liver glycogen staining in the 0, 2, and 5 g/kg DEG dose groups. 1A). Asterisk (*) indicates significant difference from 0 g/kg control as determined by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferronis post hoc test, p < 0.05. The general pattern of urine production was similar in the two strains. Vascular congestion was noted in all groups and in both rat strains. Stripping Compositions And Methods Of Making And Using The Same Dose and strain-dependent decreases in urine pH in DEG-treated Wistar and F-344 rats (C and D). Data are represented as means SEM (n = 3 for Wistar (2 g/kg); n = 4 for all other groups). In addition, DGA is the only metabolite causing necrotic cell death in human proximal tubule cells in vitro (Landry et al., 2011), with no effects being seen with the parent DEG or with 2-HEAA. Periodic-acid Schiff staining revealed a dramatic loss of hepatic glycogen as the DEG dose increased past 5 g/kg, with severe glycogen depletion at 10 g/kg DEG regardless of strain, and essentially no depletion at 2 and 5 g/kg DEG. Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-, dibenzoate; Oxydiethylene dibenzoate; Category. 6). To a 190 L aliquot of homogenate, 10 L of sodium citrate (80 mmol/L in water) was added as internal standard. ethylene glycol dibenzoate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, polyethylene glycol dibenzoate, neopentyl glycol dibenzoate, and the like as well as isodecyl benzoate, dipropylene glycol . To determine whether DEG exposure produces glycogen depletion, liver slices from DEG-treated animals were stained using periodic acid-Schiff staining to detect for the presence of glycogen (Fig. Data are represented as means SEM (, Treatment with DEG at 10 g/kg, but not at 2 or 5 g/kg, produces kidney injury at 48 h in both Wistar and F-344 rats as assessed by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (A), plasma creatinine (B), and kidney to body weight ratios (C). In the Panama epidemic, the ingested dose to produce renal failure was estimated as 0.36 g/kg (Sosa et al., 2014). Besenhofer LM, Adegboyega PA, Bartels M, Filary MJ, Perala AW, McLaren MC, McMartin KE. Diethylene glycol - Wikipedia Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis- . Bhalerao A, Sivandzade F, Archie SR, Cucullo L. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2019 Aug 28;21(10):111. doi: 10.1007/s11886-019-1204-y. The present study has advanced beyond those findings by showing the strong threshold dose response in both Wistar and F-344 rats, where DEG toxicity was seen only in the 10 g/kg dose groups and no adverse effects were noted at 5 g/kg. If 1 g of kidney tissue is approximately equivalent to 1 mL, then the Wistar kidney DGA concentrations were approximately 17 mmol/L, and F-344 concentrations were approximately 10 mmol/L. In addition, histopathology revealed marked vacuolar degeneration of the proximal convoluted tubules and necrotic cell death in the kidneys of both 10 g/kg DEG-treated rat strains and the damage appeared to be of equal severity. Benzo Flex 2-45 Benzoic acid, diester with diethylene glycol . Kidney diglycolic acid (DGA), the presumed nephrotoxic metabolite of DEG, was markedly elevated in both rat strains administered 10 g/kg DEG, but no DGA was present at 2 or 5 g/kg, asserting its necessary role in DEG-induced toxicity. 1A and B). The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the 4, Table 3). Acute experimental poisoning by diethylene glycol acid base balance and histological data in male rats. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure. . Previous studies have suggested that the nephrotoxic metabolite of DEG is DGA, which leads in vitro to ATP depletion, reactive oxygen species production, succinate dehydrogenase inhibition, and ultimately necrotic proximal tubule cell death (Landry et al., 2011, 2013). In that experiment, there were animals that reached a kidney DGA concentration of ~13 mmol/L, similar to what is reported in this study. RTECS # ID5950000 CAS # 111-46-6 See: NMAM or OSHA Methods. Data are represented as means, DGA concentrations at 48 h in kidney tissue of Wistar and F-344 rats treated with DEG show no significant differences between the strains. These results would appear to indicate a somewhat greater excretion of 2-HEAA at the lower doses and for longer periods in Wistar rats, but this would need to be confirmed analytically. Vol. Clinical features: lowest published toxic concentration: 4 mg/m 3 /2H/30W- intermittent: Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease . Cruzan G, Corley R, Hard G, Mertens J, McMartin K, Snellings W, Gingell R, Deyo J. Subchronic toxicity of ethylene glycol in Wistar and F-344 rats related to metabolism and clearance of metabolites. First, benzyl acid and diglycol with the weight ratio of 2: 1-1.1 are taken; then, protonic acid is taken as a catalyst, which has a weight 0.01-0.02 time of the . Data are represented as number of rats assigned to each of the above categories out of the total number of rats from each strain (n = 3 for Wistar (2 g/kg); n = 4 for all other groups); PCT, proximal convoluted tubule. Diethylene glycol poisoning - PubMed DEG has been shown to produce osmotic diuresis in laboratory animals (Lenk et al., 1989; Besenhofer et al., 2010) and in humans (Calvery and Klumpp, 1939), with a linear relationship between DEG dose and volume of urine produced (Lenk et al., 1989). 1D). Data are represented as means SEM (n = 3 for Wistar (2 g/kg); n = 4 for all other groups). Table 1 Animal toxicity values. Representative hematoxylin and eosin images at 48 h of cortical renal tissue from both Wistar and F-344 rat strains for each of the treatment groups show little to no damage for rats treated with 0, 2 or 5 g/kg DEG, but severe kidney injury for rats treated with 10 g/kg DEG. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. Ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, maleic anhydride, dicyclopentadiene polymer 68171-28-8: Chemsrc provides Ethylene Glycol Dibenzoate . The mean estimated fatal dose in an adult has been defined as approximately 1 mL/kg of pure DEG. This research was supported by the Ethylene Glycol/Ethylene Oxide Panel of the American Chemistry Council (ACC). the display of certain parts of an article in other eReaders. Landry G, Dunning C, Conrad T, Hitt M, McMartin K. Diglycolic acid inhibits succinate dehydrogenase activity in human proximal tubule cells leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. 2-HEAA has been shown to be the acid metabolite responsible for inducing the metabolic acidosis (Besenhofer et al., 2010, 2011). F-344 rats showed significant diuresis at 6 and 12 h after both 5 and 10 g/kg DEG, with animals in the 10 g/kg dose group having significant diuresis until 24 h (Fig. The importance of DGA in the toxicity of DEG has recently been confirmed in human cases in the Panama epidemic, where the presence of elevated DGA concentrations in the serum and urine had the strongest association with case status (odds ratio > 999), compared to DEG and its other possible metabolites (2-HEAA, oxalate, glycolate, EG); also, the absolute concentrations of DGA in the serum and urine were markedly higher than any other metabolite (Schier et al., 2013). 2021 Aug 3;9:709495. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2021.709495. Overall this study has concluded that both strains would be appropriate models to conduct DEG mechanistic studies or risk assessments. Four micrometer sections were cut, embedded, and stained (hematoxylin and eosin) by the LSUHSC-S Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy. The metabolic pathway for DEG has been elucidated at toxic dose levels in male Wistar rats (Besenhofer et al., 2010, 2011). 2010 Jun;48(5):401-6. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2010.495347. For example, Wistar rats showed significant decreases in urine pH up to 24 h at the 2 and 5 g/kg doses, with recovery by 48 h, whereas in F-344 rats, urine pH values in the 2 and 5 g/kg dose groups were not statistically different from controls. Diethylene glycol is a very good solvent for water-insoluble chemicals and drugs. Major renal pathological abnormalities in both rat strains treated with 10 g/kg DEG consisted of marked vacuolar degeneration of the proximal convoluted tubules with multifocal necrotic cell death and destruction of the majority of the proximal convoluted tubule cellular architecture (Fig. All analyses were performed using Graphpad Prism 5 for Windows. The mean estimated fatal dose in an adult has been defined as approximately 1 mL/kg of pure DEG. %t"@5Cn:oFVr,C0`Y{6`O^ua{|.)_GPd3zTmx|C, More often, these epidemics have occurred in developing and impoverished nations where there is limited access to intensive medical care and quality control procedures are substandard. In addition, the study provides key mechanistic insight by relating the magnitude of DGA tissue retention to the presence of toxic effects. Policies. Data are represented as means SEM (n = 3 for Wistar (2 g/kg); n = 4 for all other groups). These results indicate that mechanistically in order to produce toxicity, metabolism to and significant target organ accumulation of DGA are required and that both strains would be useful for DEG risk assessments. Nasal Congestion, Obstruction Relief, and Drug Delivery Neurotoxic effects of nephrotoxic compound diethylene glycol. Treatment with DEG at 10 g/kg, but not at 2 or 5 g/kg, produces kidney injury at 48 h in both Wistar and F-344 rats as assessed by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (A), plasma creatinine (B), and kidney to body weight ratios (C). Diethylene glycol has "moderate to low" acute toxicity [12] in animal experiments. DEG-treated rats showed a two-fold significant increase (p < 0.05) in the anion gap at the highest dose, with no difference between strains.
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