(61) $725.00 FREE shipping. Similar swords were also used after WWI in both Weimar and Nazi Germany. Bath The headquarters staff of the eleven horse artillery regiments had five medical officers and four veterinary officers. However, he always acted according to the prize rules, allowing ships crews to board lifeboats and giving them directions to the nearest portbefore torpedoing the vessel. When war broke out, vonArnauld de la Periere wastransferred to the Navysairship division, and in 1915 he moved to U-boats, where he was given command of U-35. Quote; Link to comment . During 1914 the total number of batteries increased to 782, and then to 1,691 by late 1918. SPONSORED. Flag images indicative of country of origin and not necessarily primary operator. Followingthe cessation of hostilities, the Germanrevolutions meant that he lost his royalinheritance to the Kingdom of Wurttemberg. He was trained as an accountant. Von Hindenburg was hailed as the Saviour of East Prussia and promoted to Field Marshal, then to Army Chief of Staff. He received numerous medals, including the Austrian Order of Leopold, the Iron Cross and the Pour le Merite, and his record number of tonnage makes him the most successful submarine commander of all time. Observation reports were passed by telephone directly to a coordinating centre (Auswertungs-Stelle), which was usually located close to the divisional artillery headquarters. One of his unit's barrages would get him threatened with a court-martial, but the men who were saved by the . 1910s. A lot has been said about the role of artillery in World War I, in both its intensity and ferocity. Pistol. The United States thus fought the war with predominantly foreign-designed and -manufactured ordnance. After being refitted with nickel steel barrels, the design was finally redesignated the Model 73/91. The demise of the field artillery brigade soon followed the adoption by divisions of a single field artillery regiment from 1916 in place of the two-regiment organization that had existed from 1914. Arguably, the combination of artillery fire and machine-gun fire shaped the whole nature of the war on the Western Front in particular, precipitating the stalemate and onset of operational stagnation from the end of 1914, followed by the years of trench warfare and the dominance of defensive operations, which persisted until the appearance of Allied tanks on the battlefield. . As a result of these changes some 110 new batteries of field artillery were formed during 1916, most of which were subsequently deployed to reinforce the divisional artillery of divisions serving on the Eastern Front. Neither the Kaiser nor Scheerfelt the desire to take on the Grand Fleet in open combat again. These personnel manned 3,732 guns and light field howitzers, with a further 54 guns designated for training use. Communication between the command posts and the guns was effected by the telephone detachment (Fernsprech-Trupp) found in every field battery and Abteilung, each with a capability to lay at least two kilometres of telephone cable. 6); the regiment was barracked in Wroclaw (German: Breslau) in what is the Lower Silesia region of Poland. There are a total of [ 8 ] WW1 German Artillery entries in the Military Factory. 2. in the Bundeswehr, the position of an artillery officer responsible for certain questions of troop training and equipment, usually with the rank of Brigadegenerals. FREE SHIPPING. . Scheers first act was to push for greater U-boat activity against British warships,in an attempt to lure theRoyal Navys Grand Fleet out to engage with the Germans. Other new projectiles included smoke shells containing white phosphorus, to obscure troop deployments, and, as World War I progressed, shells containing poison gas. From 1914, artillery units were employed extensively to support all operations, while technological advances meant that its destructive power and effectiveness increased significantly as the conflict progressed. The second, and most important purpose, was to di. All rights reserved. However, his final actions were to oversee the retreat of the 19th Army in Lorraine, and the eventual demobilisation of the Bavarian Army. home german ww1 122150 five imperial german coins. egg cup with saxon army cipher to the front. RM2H24Y04 - WWI - Crew of he Imperial German Navy Zeppelin LZ 48 known as L 15 , a P-class World War I zeppelin air ship that was damaged by ground fire from Dartford AA battery whilst attacking London on 1 April 1916.One crew member was killed, the other seventeen crew members were taken prisoner of war. During the war, von Lettow-Vorbeck harried British colonies in Rhodesia and Kenya in a series of guerrilla raids, often outnumberedby as much as 8:1. In light of battlefield experience and the pressing need to form ever more artillery units to support newly-formed formations during 1916, the two-regiment divisional field artillery brigade had been completely displaced by a new organization by 1917. Hessian artillery officer (in a field uniform). This sword features a lion head pommel with red glass eyes. 50. Although the precise numbers always depended upon the operational situation and stage of the conflict, a field artillery battery usually had about 135 rounds of gun ammunition or 88 rounds of howitzer ammunition immediately available for each gun from its battery gun limbers, wagons and wagon limbers. It also was used in the Reichswehr and the Wehrmacht. Some two million Luger 9mm P08 pistols were manufactured during wartime, and although primarily issued to officers (since the pistol continued to be viewed primarily as an officer's weapon) it was also issued to soldiers engaged in a wide variety of tasks. World War I railway artillery of Germany (10 P) Pages in category "World War I artillery of Germany" The following 55 pages are in this category, out of 55 total. In peacetime the headquarters staff of a field artillery regiment included seven artillery officers, three medical officers, three veterinary officers, three paymasters and their assistants, a bandmaster, an armourer, three NCOs, and three regimental tradesmen. This self-contained device featured sophisticated prisms and magnifying optics as part of a telescoping eight-section tubular metal tower that could be raised and lowered to enable observation from behind cover to a height of between nine and 24 metres. 50% off. Buy Now . He served in China as part of the Allied forces sent to help quell the Boxer Rebellion, and it was here that he got his first taste of guerrilla warfare. In 1894, hewas appointed to the German General Staff, rising to the rank of Senior Staff Officer. The all brass alloy hilt consists of a finely detailed lion head cat with floral backstrap and "P" guard. He was madeLieutenant-General in 1905and General of the Infantry in German artillery provided much-needed in-direct fire against enemy elements at range during The Great War. Hello, I recently got this sword and was wondering if it was real. Corresponding service positions also exist for other branches of the army. Born into Bavarian nobility, Count Felix Graf von Bothmerspent 40 years in the military,serving with Bavarian and This was a box-trailed carriage with shield carrying a 35-calibre gun with sliding block breech, all made by Krupp. Click 'I accept' to consent to the use of cookies. The British, on the other hand, defined the size of artillery by the weight of the shell. In addition to the field artillery allocated to specific divisions, some 80 independent field artillery regiments were also created in 1917, these being held in reserve and allocated by higher-level army headquarters to support front-line sectors and specific operations as necessary. Confident in its much vaunted 75mm field gun, France based much of its faith in mobile, relatively light-caliber, rapid-fire tactical artillery. In 1915 the number of guns or light field howitzers of all field batteries was reduced to four, together with commensurate reductions of manpower, in order to enable the redistribution of the surplus guns produced by this action to equip newly formed artillery units. These reductions were followed in April 1916 by further decreases in the transport establishment of the field batteries. 002824: The two navies finally clashedat the Battle ofJutland, whichwas seen as aminor tacticalvictory for theGermans, althoughit was only Scheersstrategic manoeuvringthat saved the High SeasFleet from destruction. What if Eisenhower Had Driven On to Berlin? The form of address is usually Herr General and/or Herr Oberst; the form of address Herr General der Artillerie is unorthodox, since it does not refer to a rank. Luger volunteered for military service in 1867 and found that he had a knack for marksmanship. The Luger possessed a seven-round magazine loaded via the pistol butt. The peak to this cover suggests a Foot Artillery Officers style helmet. This seems to be the one most people call a "WW1 German compass". Under the tanget was very dirty and nothing can be seen. These Feldartillerie-Brigaden bore the number of the division they supported. 30. Newfld loves this. With imperialaspirations running rampant, events inthe Balkans in 1914 rapidly escalatedinto a full-blown conflict between Germany/Austro-Hungary and the Ententeof Britain, Franceand Russia. There was no equivalent rank in the army of East Germany, where it was merged into that of Generaloberst. Entries are listed below in alphanumeric order (1-to-Z). Although a good weapon for its time, the Model 73s breech mechanism wore out rapidly, it lacked a recoil mechanism other than wheel brakes, and it lacked sufficient range when loaded with shrapnel. As at 1 October 1913 there were 642 batteries of field and horse artillery, including nine batteries at the field artillery school of gunnery (Feldartillerie-Schie-Schule). Germany Hohenzollern WW1 Gold Merit Medal Silver Swords 3rd type 1842 Military German Decoration WWI Great War 1914 1918. Using picric acid, they ultimately developed lyddite, to create a practical high-explosive (HE) shell for British service. More significantly, the barrel itself rode in a trough-like cradle, its recoil buffered by a hydraulic and spring-operated recoil device. As about as good as they come, a stunning blue etched WW1 era German field artillery officer's sword, etched to "Feld Artill Rgt v. Peucker 1 Schles No 6" (1st Field Artillery Van Peucker Regiment, Battery / Troop No. On mobilization the divisional field artillery was grouped into field artillery brigades (Feldartillerie-Brigaden), each consisting of of two regiments and commanded by a major general (Generalmajor), with a brigade allocated to every division. terrystacy5150gmailcom loves this. In the decade prior to the war, he was posted to German South-West Africa and modern-day Cameroon, before being moved to German East Africa, where he was put in control of Imperial forces plus a dozen companies of native Askari troops. This is a beautiful classic Lionhead German WWI Artillery Officer's sword, made by the Solingen-based firm of Weyersberg Kirschbaum & Cie. The front of the helmet has the later brass coloured Gott fur KEONIG und Deutschland 1813. . they dont have any marks or makers as far as I know. A.I. I looked it over for some makers mark but couldnt find any. Fearing a French breakthrough, von Bulow ordered a withdrawal and is generally held responsible for the German defeat at Marne. These batteries were developed primarily to counter the threat posed by the arrival on the battlefield of the first Allied tanks on 15 September 1916. Besides that, the sword appears to be a ww1 german officers parade sword. g048966 field artillery regiment "38 . Although not as effective as a reconnaissance aircraft, these extending observation towers were mobile and relatively easy to conceal, so they were less vulnerable than captive observation balloons. He spent seven years as a military instructor in China during the Boxer Rebellion, before being posted back to various posts in Germany. Although outnumbered almost 2:1,von Hindenburgs Eighth Army practically destroyed Russias Second Army. Picture Information. This resulted in an authorized establishment of six officers to manage the battery once fully mobilized and deployed for action. Training and development for all of the Prussian foot artillery regiments was the responsibility of an inspector of foot artillery, his inspectorate being organized as three sub-inspectorates. . Germany was decidedly behind France in field artillery development during the immediate prewar years. Albrecht and his men were then transferred to Flanders, where they saw action in the Battle of the Yser and the Second Battle of Ypres. This rare photo shows a Warrant Officer & crew member of the German Zeppelin . Then the improvements came fast and furious. Free shipping for many products! (German officer rank)General der Artillerie. Following the unification of Germanyin 1871, the scene was set for thepowers in Central Europe to begin flexingtheir collective muscles. If you don't have an account, create one here. Despite this, he was promoted to Field Marshal, but a heart attack in 1915 prevented him taking further action in the war. WW1 era German Naval Officer's Sword : 600. For German bayonets, please visit the bayonets page. These reorganized regiments now had three Abteilungen, numbered I, II and III (one of which was entirely equipped with light field howitzers) rather than two, and nine instead of twelve field batteries. A typical French field gun of 1914, the Model 1897, fired a 75mm shell. German Generals 1914 : German Military Glossary A-J: 3.7 cm TAK 1918; 5.7 cm Maxim-Nordenfelt; 7.5 cm GebirgsKanone 13; 7.7 cm FK 16; During the September 1917 siege of the Russian-held Baltic city Riga, General Oskar von Hutier, commander of the German 8th Army, demonstrated a degree of originality rarely matched by Allied commanders. World War One (ww1, wwi) Imperial German Army uniform Puttees or leggings: Also called Gamaschen made in Feldgrau, 8 feet long, 3.5 inches wide. . As the war progressed, gas became an everyday threat to frontline troops of all sides. The Suomen Ilmavoimat (Finnish AirForce). By 1914, Germany and Britain, as well as Russia, had also developed reasonably . blunderbuss2 loves this. Love it 0. This awakened a latent gift for firearms design. However, von Bulow refused to follow up on these successes at Marne unless supported by Alexander von Klucks First Army, which was 50km west and heading for Paris. A field battery was commanded by a captain (Hauptmann), whose post as battery commander was termed Batterie-Fhrer. All Rights Reserved. But he underestimated French resolve andcasualties on both sides were colossal,earning him the nickname the Blood-Millerof Verdun. Check out our ww1 german artillery selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. The combination of the new models breechblock, fixed ammunition, and recoil system at last provided the German army with its own quick-firing field piece capable of a firing rate of about 20 rounds per minute. $299.99. In 1917, his forces repelled the Kerensky Offensive, routing the demoralised Russians. This tradition stemmed from the necessity of dressing particular regiments and troops in colors, which would allow commanders to recognize their troops on the . Aged 17, he entered the Kaiserliche Marine the German Imperial Navy with whom he served on a series of battleships, and also as Torpedo Officer on a light cruiser. $55.00. General der Artillerie (en: General of the artillery) may mean: 1. Help us close this case. The blade is 30mm wide at the ricasso and is etched with trophies of arms, including cannons, crossed sabres and flags amidst oak leaves, acorns . g002786 landwehr insignia. [Shown in Center to illustrate scale] $225.00 . SWDSIMP #31469 Triple-Etched Artillery Officer's Lion Head Sword - Paul Weyersberg. RF PJ386J - Vintage Photograph of WW1 British Army Horse Artillery. Long-range indirect fire also necessitated advances in fire control. Born in Posen (Poznan in modern-day Poland) and a descendant of French nobility, he was educated at the cadet schools of Wahlstatt and Gross-Lichterfelde. With the battle indecisive andthe losses huge, von Falkenhayn was replacedas Chief of Staff by Paul von Hindenburg. The war also saw the introduction of new, more lethally efficient projectiles. Although categorized as part of the armys survey organization and arguably, therefore, part of the armys support services rather than combat troops, counter-battery fire planning was supported by a comprehensive network of artillery survey units tasked with pinpointing the location of Allied artillery fire positions. THE WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION FRANCE, Prokhorovka the unknown clash of the Great Patriotic War. The position of general of the artillery is connected with that of commander of the artillery school. 1842 to 1918. C.WW1 Imperial German Artillery Officer's Sword A very crisp c.WW1 Imperial German Artillery Officer's Sword A good example of an Imperial German Artillery Officer's Sword with extensively decorated blade featuring regimental designation and numerous motifs including gunners in action, imperial eagle, stands of arms and foliage. According to the tradition of his Prussian family, Karl von Blow entered the military as a young man. He wasthen seconded to the Eighth Army on the Eastern Front, where he was instrumentalin Paul von Hindenburgs success against the Russians. This was followed up by the Battle of the Masurian Lakes, which drove the Russians out of German territory with huge losses. In 1917 a mobile observation mast or tower was added to the surveillance inventory. These were backed up by the 15-cm Kanone 16, simply an enlarged model of the 10.5-cm weapon, and a 15-cm howitzer Model 13. The latter is notable for the first large-scale use of gas on the battlefield. 1910, and with the outbreak ofwar was appointed commanderof the Sixth Bavarian ReserveDivision at Ypres. However, his final actions were to oversee the retreat of the 19th Army in Lorraine, and the eventual demobilisation of the Bavarian Army. The other major powers quickly followed suit, and high-explosive shells became a standard component in the worlds arsenals. Artillery Sword, Other Original WW1 German Collectibles, German Sword, Imperial Collectible Swords & Sabers, Artillery Shell, Imperial Collectible Japanese Swords & Sabers, Other WW1 Reproduction Collectibles, Civil War Artillery Shell, Other Original WW1 US Collectibles, Other Original WW1 Period Collectibles Artillery officers also learned to formulate timetables to coordinate preparatory barrages before infantry assaults to avoid casualties from friendly fire and yet disrupt the enemys defensive capabilities. 1900 circa German soldiers trousers 1 British Anglo Zulu War Patrol Jacket 1 WW1 German Feldmutze 1 WW1 German M16 Helmet 1 WW1 German Motorcycle despatch rider jacket 2 WW1 German Soldier overcoat . During the beginning of the Battle of Passchendaele in 1917, over 3,000 First used at Verdun, the French shells set the standard for future developments. Posted On May 24, 2022 05:27:32. The three-Abteilungen organization also reflected the fact that most infantry divisions were triangular, being based upon three infantry regiments, and by 1917 this structure had become the standard field artillery support for a division. In German, "Dunkelblau" not only refers to the color "dark blue" but also to all uniforms of any color worn prior to the introduction of the Feldgrau (Field grey) uniforms. Afterthe war, he retired for a second and final time, before dying in 1920. It formed a major proportion of the divisional heavy support during the First World War, though after 1917 it was supplemented by an improved version, the Model 17, which had a 45-calibre barrel and correspondingly better performance. A rank of three-star general, comparable to modern armed forces OF-8 grade, in the Imperial German Army and its contingency armies of Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony and Wrttemberg. The Allied and Central Powers entered World War I in various states of readiness and with a number of artillery doctrines. However, in peacetime the Bavarian ministry of war retained a measure of responsibility for the efficiency and preparation of the Bavarian artillery regiments for war. Obviously the artillery had bigger and better, but would this be the correct one for a regular infantry officer/NCO ? Another native of Prussia, von Falkenhayn was born inBurg Belchau (in the north of modern-day Poland) and, in accordance with the regions military tradition, duly joined thearmy. Emil Voos daggers and swords reflect the highest level of craftsmanship. According to the tradition of his Prussian family, Karl von Bulow entered the military as a young man. with many photos. Remus von Woyrschs career with the Prussian Army had already ended by 1914, but he was recalled from retirement when the First World War broke out, aged 68. His men were often forced to live off the land, resupplying at ammunitiondumps, and von Lettow-Vorbeckonly surrendered when news ofthe armistice reached him. The son of a minor Pomeranian noble, Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck attended cadet school in Potsdam and Berlin-Lichterfelde before being commissioned as a Lieutenant in the ImperialArmy. See 4 more In 1917 a bicycle was added to the transport inventory of every field battery to assist with routine liaison, administration and message-carrying duties in situations where a horseman might otherwise have been employed. At the outbreak of war, Albrechtwas in command of the German Fourth Army and saw action in the Battle of the Ardennes, where the French defenders were heavily defeated. The French replied with much improved, larger shells filled with just enough explosive to crack the shell casing and release their deadly phosgene gas. Although both the French and German artillery saw limited success during the early stages of the war, the realities of trench warfare forced both sides to modify their initial doctrines. Although by no means a match for many more advanced foreign breechloaders, the 77mm Field Gun Model 96 (the Americanized form of the German Feldkanone M96) was at least an improvement over the Model 73/91 that it replaced. This sword represents an outstanding example by one of Germany's top maker's of edged weapons. The baklite handle is gone and some mabye some dried up sharkskin can be seen under the wires. We use cookies on this website to deliver content to you, personalise content and ads, provide social media features, and analyse our traffic. Over the next three years, he made 14 voyages and sank more than 190 ships. Other belligerents, such as the United States, were less prepared and were forced in many cases to improvise rapidly to meet the challenges of a world war. Add to Wish List Compare this Product. It allowed the sniper to be able to take an elevated firing position above a trench line and as such would deflect incoming rounds. The result was the 90mm Model 73/88, which was then issued to both horse artillery and field batteries. WWI vintage Imperial German 42nd Foot Artillery Regiment uniform shoulder strap. control of the Sudarmee, or South Army,in 1915 a mixture of German, Austrian, Hungarian and Turkish troops on the Eastern Front. By early 1918, the army had no fewer than 2,900 field artillery batteries in service. Add to Cart. Create a Show & TellReport as inappropriate. In wartime the field artillery regiments were subdivided into two Abteilungen (numbered I and II), each of which contained the usual three batteries (numbered 1 to 6 within the regiment) of field guns or light field howitzers. The two types of ammunition used by field guns were shrapnel and high-explosive. His whiskers, brow, and nose all reflect hand done engraving. In 1885, he was madeLieutenant of the 57th Infantry Regiment, before joining various other units, and was frequently commended for his service. Future President Harry S. Truman was a new artillery captain in World War I during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive where his battery would be called to provide artillery fire for advancing American troops. 50% off. A light ammunition column supported the regiment in the field. yougottahavestuff loves this. Von Hutiers tactics proved so successful at Riga that he and Bruchmuller were reassigned to the Western Front, where they successfully applied them during the German April 1918 offensive. Firing from covered positions was inaccurate and slow. Today in the Bundeswehr, the rank of lieutenant general corresponds to the traditional rank of general of the artillery. The 770mm broad, curved blade has a flat spine with a wide single fuller on both sides and tapers to a spear point with a 250mm upper false edge. $975.00. A single observation or sound-ranging post might cover a frontage of five to sixteen kilometres, the actual distance depending upon the type of terrain and the prevailing meteorological conditions. WW1 German Large Brass Artillery Shell, Dated April 1911: WW1 German large Brass Artillery Shell. In 1914, he was given command of the German Second Army that would lead the attack into Belgium in accordance with the Schlieffen Plan. To carry out their task, artillery group observation detachments used a range of optical surveillance equipment, including large periscopes (Mastfernrohre) manned by an NCO and four other ranks. In 1915, he was moved to the Third Battle Squadron with its newer, more powerful dreadnoughts. $145.00. Von Bothmer enjoyed some success against the numerically superior Russians, winning the Battle of Zwinin, and mostnotably during the Brusilov Offensive of 1916 a massive assault by the Russian Imperial Army that saw von Bothmers line pushed back but unbroken. For more on historys greatest military leaders,pick up the new issue ofHistory of War here or subscribe now and save 25% off the cover price. WWI German Empire M1915 Officer Gabardine tunic. Von Bulow ordered von Kluck to turn towards him, resulting in the First Army exposing itsflanks to Allied attack at the Battle of the Marne. During this time, thanks largely to the direction of Erich Ludendorff,he managed to stem the Allied advance inthe west, defeat Romania and force Russiaout of the war, securing his place as a nationalhero. However, his forces would be driven back at the Battle of the Marne, which would then result in a stalemate and the entrenching Race to the Sea. In Military and Wartime > Swords > Show & Tell. There were many notable commandersof German forces during the First World War,many of whom had come from nobility. Like it Manikin loves this. The second category of artillery was the foot artillery, and in 1913 its peacetime establishment included 1,332 officers, 82 medical officers, 35 veterinary officers, 129 paymasters and assistant paymasters, 25 bandmasters, 50 artificers, 5,322 NCOs and 28,002 other ranks, with 3,391 horses. First it provided a level of protection as armor. These tables below list the artillery used by the main protagonists of WWI, including a range of technical details where known. The units or sections were controlled by, and allocated to, corps and divisions by army-level headquarters and included at least one artillery officer. In addition to the M96, Germany also issued the 135mm FK 13, the 77mm FK 96/15, the heavy yet excellent 77mm FK16, and the 105mm K17. no cracks or chips. List of officers who were General der Artillerie, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Anton Reichard von Mauchenheim genannt Bechtolsheim, Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein, Ranks and insignia of the German Army (19351945), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_of_the_Artillery_(Germany)&oldid=1083728014, Articles lacking sources from February 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 20 April 2022, at 09:56. After the armistice, he wrote several essays on the warand is largely responsiblefor the stab in the back myththat suggests the German military wasbetrayed by the Kaisers poor leadership and undermined by sinister political forces. yours could well have been captured and used by a German officer as well 0. Unlike many examples, this Lion's head was not made to have plastic "jewels" installed as eyes. The mane flows down the backstrap, becoming floral patterns afterward. aye? g013075 prussian train supply hauptmann's shoulder boards. Four monthslater, he was placed in charge ofII Reserve Corps in Galicia (modern-day western Ukraine), before taking (310 items) This sword, sometimes referred to as the model 1898, was the dress sword worn by Imperial German cavalry and artillery officers. On his recall, aged 66, he was sent to the Eastern Front as commander of East Prussia, and immediately scored a huge victory at the Battle of Tannenberg. 116406 ww1 saxon officers mess egg cup. $74.99. The armys artillery survey training manual issued in May 1917 included a list detailing the principal duties of these units: (a) Location of hostile batteries and other targets; (b) Information from aeroplane photographs; (c) Observation of fire for own artillery; (d) Observation of enemys movements; (e) Preparation and use of stereo photographs; (f) Preparation of charts and tables showing the positions, number and activity of hostile batteries; (g) Preparation of battery [fire data] boards and artillery maps; (h) Collection and collation of all reconnaissance reports concerning the sector.. Refitted with nickel steel barrels, the barrel itself rode in a trough-like cradle, its recoil buffered a! Of ww1 British Army horse artillery regiments alike, these units actively assisted the ranging and planning. 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