retrieved 20 April 2007, Government of Kerala, Forest and Wildlife Department, Notification No. The former Kundala Valley Railway through Munnar, established in 1902, was destroyed by the Great flood of 99 that occurred in 1924 across the modern-day state of Kerala. The deceased May 14, 2022. Thalassery Railway Station operates under the Palakkad Railway Division of the Southern Railway. Higher peaks like Anamudi on the eastern border of the Idukki district have acted as a natural boundary between the Malayalam kingdoms and the contemporary Tamil kingdoms in the past, thereby reducing invasions into the region from the neighbouring Tamil country as well as from other parts of the Indian peninsula. The district is divided into two revenue divisions- Idukki and Devikulam. [10] The territory of Poonjar was annexed by the Kingdom of Travancore following the annexation of the principalities of Thekkumkur and Vadakkumkur in 1749-1750. [3] Around four-fifth of the people in Idukki district speak Malayalam as their mother tongue. Anamudi peak is on the southern part of this park. [47] The park adjoins the Allinagaram Reserved Forest within the proposed Palani Hills Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park. [23], Following the formation of the new Indian state of Kerala according to the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, many jurisdictional changes were done in the state. The major rivers flowing through the area are the Periyar and the Cheruthoniar.[41]. The district currently includes five taluks in it. Kerala State Road Transport Corporation bus stand is walking distance from Aluva Railway Station, and buses are available for Munnar every hour. The first proposals for railways in India were made in Madras in 1832. [10] Manavikrama crossed the Western Ghats and sought political asylum in Kerala. Its population growth rate over the decade 20012011 was 1.93% due to emigration and low fertility rates. [48], Kurinjimala Sanctuary protects the approximately 32km2 core habitat of the endangered Neelakurinji plant in Kottakamboor and Vattavada villages in Devikulam Taluk, Idukki district of Kerala State in South India. The largest dam in Kerala is Idukki Dam, which also one of the largest arch-dams in Asia. Arrives Sat [16], Munroe, Henry Turn, and his half-brother A W Turner, obtained ownership of the Cardamom Hills from the Raja of Travancore and began clearing forest around Devikulam in 1879. [10], Vadakkumkur Raja was a part of the combined military alliance formed by the kingdoms of Odanad (Kayamkulam), Thekkumkur, and Cochin against the expansion of Travancore into the northern territories. [20], The High Range division in the northeastern part of Travancore included the Taluks of Devikulam and Peerumade. The district was constituted on 26 January 1972, by taking Peerumade, Udumbanchola, Devikulam taluks of the former High Range division from Kottayam district and the Thodupuzha taluk from Ernakulam district. Kochi ([koti ] ()), also known as Cochin (/ k o t n / KOH-chin) (the official name until 1996) is a major port city on the Malabar Coast of India bordering the Laccadive Sea, which is a part of the Arabian Sea.It is part of the district of Ernakulam in the state of Kerala and is commonly referred to as Ernakulam.Kochi is the most densely populated city in Kerala. [10] The social development indicators like the literacy rate were improved considerably during this period. [1] Now various hydroelectric power projects in the district of Idukki contributes around 66% of the total power needs of Kerala. There are five Kerala Legislative Assembly seats in Idukki district. Painavu town is the administrative headquarters of the Idukki district. [58], Sathram Airport is an airstrip which was inaugurated on 17 February 2021 but there are no commercial operations happening there. Chennai Egmore Terminal Station for several long-distance trains. ", "12% Indian land prone to landslides as climate change increases the risks", "In Idukki, living in fear of landslides", Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901, Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Kerala", "Religion Kerala, Districts and Sub-districts", "Government of Kerala, Forest and Wildlife Department, Notification No. [36] However Malayalis are majority in both of these taluks as well. Now it originates from Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra railway station. The first train in India ran from Red Hills to Chintadripet bridge in 18361837. [10] It was bounded by the Ay kingdom to the south, which included the regions between Pamba River and Kanyakumari (Cape Comorin), and the province of Kudanad, which lies between the rivers Periyar and Chaliyar (modern-day districts of Thrissur, Palakkad, and Malappuram), to the north. There are only two municipalities in the district and the urban population is comparatively much lower than the rural population, due to its mountainous nature. [1] Numerous cash crops and spices are cultivated throughout the district, making it The Spice Garden of Kerala. [10] The temples and other older buildings in the High Range and the surrounding regions in Idukki have significant influences from the medieval era Tamil-Pandyan architectural styles. It is one of the busiest train stations in the world. The unit cost of the first train was The nearest major railway stations are at Ernakulam (126 km) and Aluva (110 km). [53] They are further incorporated into 5 taluks as eludicated below. It was the largest district of Kerala by area at that time. [10] The ruler of Thekkumkur awarded him a portion of the Meenachil taluk which included the region of Poonjar along with the High Range region in the Idukki district in 1160 CE, which originally belonged to the Thekkumkur Rajas. Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary came into existence in 1976. It has a flowering cycle of 12 years. Thiruvananthapuram (/ t r u v n n t p r m /; Malayalam: [tiunndpum] ()), also known by its former name Trivandrum (/ t r v n d r m /), is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala.It is the most populous city in Kerala with a population of 957,730 as of 2011. [1] The Periyar River is a major river that originates and flows through Idukki. This made it the Asia's 36/2006 F&WLD (6 October 2006) Retrieved 5 December 2007, A significant area in the district is protected, Rani Uthrittathi Thirunal Gowri Parvathi Bayi, interstate dispute between Kerala and Tamil Nadu, Palani Hills Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park, "The Kerala Official Language (Legislation) Act, 1969", United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, "How the original inhabitants of Idukki were systematically displaced and deceived", Kannan Devan Hills (Resumption of Lands) Act, 1971, "The 'no land's men' in Munnar's tea estates", "Munnar May Soon Get Train Service, Nearly A Century After The 'Great Flood Of 99' Destroyed It", "Why did Kerala surrender Kanyakumari without a fight? The dam is located at the point where the Periyar flows through the gorge formed between two high and massive rocks known as 'Kuravan' and 'Kurathi'. The Vande Bharat Express, previously known as Train 18, is a semi-high-speed, electric multiple unit train operated by the Indian Railways on 4 routes as of October 2022.It was designed and manufactured by the Integral Coach Factory (ICF) at Perambur, Chennai under the Make in India initiative. Apart from that the word Rajdhani means Capital in many languages as spoken in India. [23] The Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress (TTNC) had requested to merge it with the Madras State as a part of the upcoming States Reorganization Act of 1956. [35], Malayalam and English are the two official administrative languages in the district. [10] The province Vempolinadu (Bimbali Desam) of the Chera Perumals of Mahodayapuram attained political autonomy in 1102 CE following the Chera-Chola wars of the 11th century CE. The word Rajdhani has been derived from the Devanagri script, which means Capital in English. Endemic butterflies confined to the shola-grass land ecosystem like the red disk bushbrown and Palni four-wing are among the 101 species in the park. [10] Pamba, the third-longest river in Kerala, also has its origin in the district of Idukki. [10] During the reign of Narmudi Cheral, the regions included in the Kingdom of Ezhimala was also added to the Chera empire. It is located in the Thodupuzha and Udumbanchola taluks in Idukki district. [10], The High Range region was later handed over to the Poonjar dynasty by the Thekkumkur Rajas. [10], Keezhmalanadu merged with the Vadakkumkur dynasty around 1600 CE. History. Vivek Express is a chain of express trains on the Indian Railways network. [23] His colonisation project was to relocate 8,000 Malayalam-speaking families into the Taluks of Devikulam and Peermade. 36/2006 F&WLD", "Proposal for Kurinjimala sanctuary awaits Cabinet nod", http://www.forest.kerala.gov.in/index.php/wildlife/2015-03-16-09-50-24/2015-06-26-09-04-29/idukki-wildlife-sanctuary, "Information and Public Relations Department, Govt. [10], It is presumed that a major portion of the High Range region in Idukki district belonged to the Thekkumkur dynasty just after the collapse the Chera Perumals of Mahodayapuram. Munnar was the summer resort of the British Government in the south. [33], According to the 2018 Statistics Report, Idukki district has a population of 1,093,156. It was called the Red Hill Railway and used a rotary steam locomotive manufactured by William Avery. Munnar has some of the largest tea plantations in the world. [10] Spices might had been imported from the region as a part of the ancient Indian Ocean trade. [10] The district of Idukki was inhabited by various tribes like Malavedas, Malayarayas, Muthuvans, and Paliyans, during the early period of its human history. The western part of the district is covered by forests and hills bordering the eastern regions of Ernakulam and Kottayam district like Neriyamangalam, Vannapuram, Thommankuthu, Moolamattom, Vagamon and Kuttikanam. [10] Vadakkumkur's western boundary was extended upto the Vembanad lake and the eastern boundary was the Western Ghats, which bordered with the medieval Pandyan country and the later territory of the Madurai Nayak dynasty. [10] Some historians have identified Kuzhumur with Kumily in Peerumade Taluk of the Idukki district. [1], The literary works of the Sangam period help to take a look into the contemporary period. [10] The Vempolinadu royal family got evolved into two independent branches by the 12th century CE - the southern branch among them later came to be known as the kingdom of Thekkumkur. The Kochi Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Kochi in Kerala, India.It was opened to the public within four years of starting construction, making it one of the fastest completed metro projects in India. Idukki district contains two municipal towns - Kattappana and Thodupuzha. It serves as a major stop for both Local and Inter-City/Express trains with separate platforms for them. The average train between Hyderabad and Kerala takes 30h 50m and the fastest train takes 30h 47m. Though it is the second-largest district in the region in terms of area, it has the lowest population density among the districts of Kerala. [31][32] Changes in rainfall patterns caused by climate change, coupled with deforestation and large-scale construction projects, are among the contributing factors that led to the August 2020 landslide that killed 65 people, including plantation workers. The first passenger train was flagged off from Bori Bunder (present-day Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mumbai) from where it travelled to Thane, covering a distance of 34 km in an hour and fifteen minutes.. The Pamba River is another important river that originates from Idukki district. It is connected to Moore Market Complex railway station, Chennai Central metro [53], Idukki district is divided into 68 revenue villages for the ease and decentralisation of its revenue administration. Howrah railway station, also known as Howrah Junction, is a railway station located in the city of Howrah, West Bengal, India. [18] Early plantations had few facilities and were mainly huts of straw. [10] Usage of Iron was common in the Megalithic culture of Deccan. At present, there is no railway in and to Idukki district of Kerala. The 2,695 metres (8,842ft) high peak of Anamudi, which is also the highest point of elevation in India outside the Himalayas, lies in the northern portion of the district of Idukki. Train no. [10] The tribal cultures may have sustained in the sparsely populated High Range region. [16] The first survey of the terrain was undertaken by Benjamin Swayne Ward in 18161817, who followed the Periyar River into the Western Ghats and established a camp at the confluence of three rivers, from which the name of Munnar is derived. In 1998, Kuttampuzha village was transferred into the Ernakulam district, making Idukki the second largest district in Kerala, only after to Palakkad. [10] Keezhmalanadu included parts of modern-day Taluks of Thodupuzha and Muvattupuzha. It is highly vulnerable to floods and drought and is considered a climate change hotspot in Kerala, along with the districts of Alappuzha, Palakkad, and Wayanad. Ernakulam Junction railway station (also known as Ernakulam South, code: ERS) is the biggest railway station in the city of Kochi in Kerala, India.Controlling 376 train routes at a time, it is the busiest railway junction station in South India. [8] The Idukki Dam is one of the highest arch dams in Asia. 41 Halts. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 13.12% and 5.03% of the population respectively. [10], Archaeological findings found from the district include dolmens of the Neolithic era in the Marayur area. It supports the largest population of Nilgiri tahr in the world. [10] The mountain passes like Bodinayakkanur (connecting various mountain ranges) and Cumbum (which connects the eastern Tamil country with Thodupuzha) have facilitated trade and travel between the Tamil-Pandyan country which lied to east of the Western Ghats and various Kerala kingdoms west of it during the medieval period. The other ungulates are gaur, Indian muntjac and sambar deer. [9], A perfect blend of the Malayali, the Tamil, and various tribal cultures is found in the Idukki district.
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