A simple PC 207 kidnapping conviction is punishable by: three, five, or eight years in California state prison, and; a fine up to $10,000. (b) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that: . OFFENSES AGAINST THE PERSON. 207. As to criminal false imprisonment, the crime is a type ofwobbleroffense, meaning it can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony. And, for accusations or charges of kidnapping in Colorado, please see our article onColorado Kidnapping Laws (18-3-301 & 18-3-302 C.R.S.)). Pub. This can lead to wrongful arrests and misidentifications of offenders. PC 207 & 209 Kidnapping is a "strike" offense under California's three-strikes law. Pub. when that false imprisonment substantially increases the risk of harm to that person. Aggravated kidnappingis a more serious charge than ordinary kidnapping. Under PC 237(a), false imprisonment is charged as amisdemeanorif the commission of the offense was not affected by violence, menace, fraud, or deceit.12A person guilty of misdemeanor false imprisonment could be punished with: False imprisonment will be charged as afelonywhen the crime is affected by violence, menace, fraud, or deceit.14. Penal Code 207 PC is the primary California statute that defines the offense of kidnapping. 350 North State, Suite 320 PO Box 145115 Salt Lake City, Utah 84114 Telephone: (801) 538-1408 https://senate.utah.gov; Contact a Senator Kidnapping (PC 207) is a violent felony in California. Subsec. This is because a person can only freely consent to something when he/she knows exactly what that consent is for. L. 95504 substituted reference to section 101(36) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 for reference to section 101(33) of such Act. Cite this article: FindLaw.com - Texas Penal Code - PENAL 20.03. Subsec. We have additional law offices conveniently located throughout the state in Orange County, San Diego, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura, San Jose, Oakland, the San Francisco Bay area, and several nearby cities. All rights reserved. 5. five, eight, or eleven years in the state prison if the victim was under 14 years of age at the time of the offense, imprisonment in the state prison for life. See also California Penal Code sections 209 and 209.5 PC Californias aggravated kidnapping laws, endnote 2, above. you steal, take, conceal or otherwise harbor a child under 14 if you do so to protect the child from the danger of imminent harm, have reasonable cause to believe that the individual committed a felony, or. kidnapping during the commission of a carjacking PC 209.5; and. Aggravated Kidnapping involves kidnapping that takes place during the commission of another crime, such as robbery california penal code 211 pc, extortion, or rape california penal code 261 pc. As a felony, it subjects you to a maximum four-year county jail sentence and a maximum $10,000 fine.49If convicted of both child abduction and kidnapping, the judge could order you to serve this sentence in addition and consecutive to the time imposed for the kidnapping charge. L. 109248, 213(2), substituted in interstate for to interstate. Other fines, fees, and possible probation terms could be applied. If you take / move your child in order to engage in criminal activity, this defense will not apply.31, Example:Defendant was properly convicted of kidnapping his daughter when he took her into a motel room in order to molest her. See also Penal Code 209 kidnapping for ransom or to commit a crime. (kidnapping, coercion, and related offenses. Depending on the circumstances, you could, however, face possible charges for Penal Code 278.5 PC deprivation of a child custody order (discussed below underSection 4. L. 103322, 60003(a)(6), in concluding provisions, inserted and, if the death of any person results, shall be punished by death or life imprisonment after or for life. (3) the actor's sole intent was to assume lawful control of the child. See same, subdivision (b). imprisonment in the state prison for 3, 5, or 8 years; and. ARTICLE 3 - KIDNAPPING, FALSE IMPRISONMENT, AND RELATED OFFENSES 16-5-40 - Kidnapping O.C.G.A. However, if . (a)(5). Shouse Law Group has wonderful customer service. There was insufficient movement to constitute kidnapping, 2.3. Penal Code 236 false imprisonment is similar to PC 207 kidnapping, but the difference is whether the victim was moved to another location required for kidnapping charges. an individual having legal custody of the victim; the sentence under this section for such offense shall include imprisonment for not less than 20 years. This means that if you make false promises or mislead the alleged victimand those fraudulent representations convince him/her to consent to being movedyou fraudulently obtained that consent. These penalties do not apply to parental kidnapping. Subsec. Tying someone up, moving her to a desolate location, then calling her family and demanding that they pay ransom to gain her release. An Act relating to criminal offences. A prosecutor must prove two elements to successfully convict a person perPC 236. Statute. Kidnapping - PC 207. Chapter 29 is referred to in section 911 of this title; section 5985.1 of Title 42 (Judiciary and Judicial Procedure). The word kidnapping has been derived from the word; "kid" which in English means "a child", and "napping" which means "to steal". (a) Kidnapping is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for three, five, or eight years. The word ' kidnapping ' literally means child stealing. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. Any private individual who shall kidnap or detain another, or in any other manner deprive him of his liberty, shall suffer the penalty of reclusion temporal in its maximum period to death: 2. 2006Subsec. 399, Sec. there is insufficient evidence to prove the case. Please attach any citations, booking sheets, police reports or other relevant documents. For cases in California or Nevada, please see our pages on California kidnapping laws in Penal Code 207 and Nevada kidnapping laws in NRS 200.310. Holding a gun to someones head, and demanding that he drives you away from the store you just robbed. Subsec. First-degree or aggravated kidnapping is generally graded as a serious felony, and second-degree or simple kidnapping is . Kidnapping and Abduction as per the Indian Penal Code. (a)(5). The court held that the movement was insufficient to support a kidnapping conviction because the entire movement was within the parking lot and the victim was not subject to increased harm in this short distance.26. A party can try to show that he is not guilty of kidnapping by proving that he did not do any of the following: This line of defense tries toexclude evidencethat is being used against a defendant for a PC 208b violation. you kidnap another person during a carjacking. Under section 360 of Indian penal code,1860 there are two types of kidnapping i.e. Penal Code 209.5 [West]). Added by Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. Every crime in California is defined by a specific code section. Section consolidates sections 408a and 408c of title 18 U.S.C., 1940 ed. Penal Code 1203.42 expands the right to expunge a crime in California. (b) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that: (1) the person restrained was a child younger than 14 years of age; (2) the actor was a relative of the child; and. People sometimes makefalse accusationsor accusations with little supporting evidence. Sept. 1, 2003. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. Kidnapping, as defined by the Malaysian Penal Code, is taking or enticing away a minor without the consent of a legal guardian or taking a person away from Malaysia without consent of that person or without legal authority to do so. The defendant took the child to a rented cabin where he disguised the child, renamed him, performed a variety of sexual acts on the child and kept him as his own for many years.21, And along these same lines, if the alleged victim initially consents to the movement, but then withdraws that consent, you violate Californias kidnapping laws if you continue to move the alleged victim a substantial distance as explained above.22, A good legal defense can often get a kidnapping charge reduced or even dismissed. 20.03 Kidnapping Level of Offense. This means a person cannot get convicted under the code section if he is innocent of the underlying offense of kidnapping itself. Any person who, by force, intimidation or deception, and without legal justification or excuse, seizes, takes, transports, detains or secretes another person with the intent to deprive such other person of his personal liberty or to withhold or conceal him from any person . Pub. 1, eff. demanding that the alleged victim comply while you hold him/her at gunpoint or knifepoint, threats to abuse the alleged victim (physically and/or sexually) if he/she doesnt comply with your demands, or. violate a number of other laws that relate to kidnapping. Subsec. If you are convicted you could spend the rest of your life in prison. A conviction for this felony offense subjects you to three, five or eight years in county jail.46, Penal Code 278 PC Californias child abduction lawprohibits people who do not have legal custody over a child from maliciously trying to keep a child away from his/her legal parent/guardian.47This means that you can be charged with child abduction and kidnapping if you do not have legal custody of the child victim.48. Subsec. Please note: Our firm only handles criminal and DUI cases, and only in California. World Data Atlas. Pub. Probable cause essentially means that there is a reasonable belief that someone committed a crime (based on all of the circumstances). A. (b) If the person kidnapped is under 14 years of age at the time of the commission of the crime, the kidnapping is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for 5, 8, or 11 years . Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. Usually, the purpose of kidnapping is to get a ransom, or for some political or other purposes etc. (2)To any person acting under Section 834 or 837. the offense elevates toaggravated kidnapping under Penal Code 209 PC.2Aggravated kidnapping is a more serious charge, a conviction for which carries life in prison. 28. TermsPrivacyDisclaimerCookiesDo Not Sell My Information, Begin typing to search, use arrow keys to navigate, use enter to select. Under Penal Code section 208, kidnapping is punishable by a state prison sentence of three, five, or eight years. Californias kidnapping law is considered a continuing offense. (h). If convicted, you could end up serving life in prison. 2, eff. Our Nevada law offices are located in Reno and Las Vegas. Pub. KIDNAPPING. Attach another file if needed. 1. In California, there are more specific legal versions of kidnapping. (a) Offense defined. . Sec. 1998Subsec. 1, eff. If the defendant proves the issue in the affirmative by a preponderance of the evidence, the offense is a felony of the second degree. Sec. It carries life sentence in prison. (Annot., (1983) 20 A.L.R.4th 823, 3, pp. Aggravated Forms of Kidnapping under IPC: Kidnapping for begging is a crime under Section 363A of the Indian Penal Code. Pub. These include showing that an accused party was: A violation ofthis section is charged as afelony(as opposed to amisdemeanoror aninfraction). In this chapter: . SMUGGLING OF PERSONS. At FindLaw.com, we pride ourselves on being the number one source of free legal information and resources on the web. 4, eff. Penal Code Section 364 Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder. Kidnapping: Abduction Provision under IPC. moves the victim beyond what is merely incidental to the carjacking, moves the victim a substantial distance from the area of the carjacking, and. 1. You are not guilty of kidnapping if, You legally place another person under a legal citizens arrest when you, A kidnapping conviction can lead to long prison sentences, sometimes life in prison. Please note, though, that it is critical for an accused to hire an attorney to get the most effective defense. Can I go to jail for staging an accident? either promote or instigate the crime or fail to prevent it where you have a legal duty (that is, a legally imposed duty) to do so (for example, a therapist is under a legal duty to report a crime if he/she learns one is going to take place). The person's age (Minor or Major) 1972Subsec. 1956Subsec. 112 (S.B. Many states divide kidnapping into degrees or grade it as simple and aggravated (N.R.S. However, if you donotenjoy a right of custody but say, for example, that you take a child in order to prevent another person from exercising his/her right of visitation with the child, you could potentially be charged with this offense and kidnapping. If you, for the purpose of obtaining ransom, reward or extortion money, you face a felony, punishable by two, three or four years in the state prison.44, If prosecutors cant prove kidnapping, they sometimes chargethe lesser crime of false imprisonment, You violatePenal Code 236 PC Californias false imprisonment lawwhen you restrain, detain, or confine another person without that persons consent. Pub. 1. 2 of 1883,FR CeylOn. You were simply in the wrong place at the wrong time. That will add extra time to the back of somebody's sentence. Subsec. Attach another file if needed. IPC 365 Section - Kidnapping or abducting with intent secretly and wrongfully to confine person Indian Penal Code IPC 365 Section. Aggravated kidnappingalso a felonycarries a sentence of five years to life, depending on the facts of the case.4And because kidnapping is a strike underCalifornias three-strikes law, you must serve at least 85% of your sentence before you are eligible for release. Subsecs. threats to harm the alleged victims immediate family if he/she doesnt comply with your demands. Kidnapping is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for three, five, or eight years. Related Offenses).30, The exception to this defense applies to illegal intent / acts. Kidnapping, under California law, is moving a victim a substantial distance, using force or fear to do so.2. (6) interfere with the performance of any governmental or political function. the movement of the victim increases the risk of harm over and above that necessary to commit the carjacking. 18.2-47. Fortunately, there are a variety of legal defenses that are applicable to California kidnapping charges that a skilled California criminal defense lawyer can present on your behalf. Penal Code 209.5 PC Kidnapping during a carjacking, 4.2. 20.03. Copyright 2022 Shouse Law Group, A.P.C. See Penal Code 208 PC, endnote 33, above. (e) Except as provided by Subsections (f) and (g), an offense under this section is a felony of the second degree. 3d 18, 433 P.3d 914, 6 Cal. Kidnapping and its punishment. actually beating someone to the point that they are no longer able to resist. (Cf. In this section, we offer solutions for clearing up your prior record. Pub. L. 92539 substituted Kidnaping for Transportation in section catchline and, in subsec. 2020 Georgia Code Title 16 - Crimes and Offenses Chapter 5 - Crimes Against the Person Article 3 - Kidnapping, False Imprisonment, and Related Offenses 16-5-40. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the fact that the presumption under this section has not yet taken effect does not preclude a Federal investigation of a possible violation of this section before the 24-hour period has ended. Definition to the offence of Abduction is given under Section 362 of the Indian Penal Code. Kidnapping - last updated April 14, 2021 Kidnapping is a grave violent crime, and it can be done in several . Current as of April 14, 2021 | Updated by FindLaw Staff. Kidnapping At the punishment stage of a trial, the defendant may raise the issue as to whether he voluntarily released the victim in a safe place. 1(b), 2, eff. (The amount of force required to kidnap an unresisting infant or child [in violation of Californias kidnapping laws] is the amount of force required to take and carry the child away a substantial distance for an illegal purpose or with an illegal intent. Chapter 12 of the Texas Penal Code defines the general penalties to a conviction for aggravated kidnapping as follows: A conviction for aggravated kidnapping is generally punishable as a felony of the first degree, which can result in a prison sentence ranging from five to 99 years or life imprisonment and/or a fine up to $10,000. (a)(1). The phrase for any term of years or for life was substituted for the words for such term of years as the court in its discretion shall determine which appeared in said section 408a of Title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed. Justia - California Criminal Jury Instructions (CALCRIM) (2022) 1203. A violation of Penal Code 208b PC is charged as afelony(as opposed to a California misdemeanor or an infraction). If the defendant proves the issue in the affirmative by a preponderance of the evidence, the offense is a felony of the second degree. A person kidnaps by: moving another person a substantial distance, doing so without the person's consent, and; doing so by means of force or fear. Restraint, violence or the threat of violence is a necessary element of a kidnapping charge. 572 (S.B. (b). (d)Every person who, being out of this state, abducts or takes by force or fraud any person contrary to the law of the place where that act is committed, and brings, sends, or conveys that person within the limits of this state, and is afterwards found within the limits thereof, is guilty of kidnapping. (b) An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor. App. moving another person a substantial distance. Justia Free Databases of US Laws, Codes & Statutes. In the course of enforcement of subsection (a)(4) and any other sections prohibiting a conspiracy or attempt to violate subsection (a)(4), the Attorney General may request assistance from any Federal, State, or local agency, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force, any statute, rule, or regulation to the contrary notwithstanding. 1. September 1, 2019. (3) assists, guides, or directs two or more individuals to enter or remain on agricultural land without the effective consent of the owner. (h). (a)(1). 200.310, 2011). A criminal record can affect job, immigration, licensing and even housing opportunities. Act Aug. 6, 1956, substituted twenty-four hours for seven days. Examples of using physical force to accomplish a kidnapping include (but are not limited to): With respect to kidnapping an unresisting infant or child, the only amount of physical force that is required is enough to take and carry the child away.18. L. 103272, 5(e)(2), substituted section 46501(2) of title 49 for section 101(38) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended (49 U.S.C. Many times, people falsely accuse others in order to gain an upper hand over the other person or to gain control during hotly contested custody proceedingswhich leads to the next defense. Do gun transfers in California have to go through a dealer? Believe it or not, there are several California crimes that you can commit by getting married. Being accused or arrested for a crime does not necessarily mean you will be convicted in court. If a prosecutor cannot prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is the person who actually kidnapped a minor, then it is difficult to prove that he is guilty under PC 208b. However, the determination of whether the movement is substantial depends on a variety of factors. Shouse Law Group has helped many citizens get charges reduced or dismissed, and keep their records clean. 301, 48 Stat. (II) Perform tasks related to code enforcement; and (III) Wear identification, clothing or a uniform that identifies the employee or volunteer as working or volunteering for this State or a political subdivision of this State. KIDNAPPING, UNLAWFUL RESTRAINT, AND. Welcome to FindLaw's Cases & Codes, a free source of state and federal court opinions, state laws, and the United States Code. This change was made in order to remove all doubt as to whether term of years includes life imprisonment. If you have a reasonable doubt as to whether the taking or movement was by force, you must find in favor of the defendant on that issue.); see also. If convicted of simple kidnapping, CA Penal Code 207 PC, you will face: Up to eight years in state prison. Kidnapping (Pen. Although the exact wording of Californias kidnapping laws is technical and complex, they can be summed up as follows: Simple kidnapping, stated in Penal Code 207, takes place when you move another person without that persons consent by using force or fear.7, Aggravated kidnappingwhich subjects you to greater penalties, discussed below inSection 3. Example:The defendantwho was convicted of kidnappingaccompanied a woman he met on the street into a store to buy cigarettes and then back to his apartment to have sex. If the court grants probation without requiring the defendant to be confined in the county jail for 12 months, it shall specify its reason or reasons for imposing a lesser penalty. To establish "aggravated kidnapping," the prosecutor has to establish that defendant intended to commit the underlying crime while moving the victim. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. As a culmination of 2014 and 2015 kidnapping cases, Malays were the highest number with 2691 cases, followed . Pub. 1994Pub. 2) use him as a shield or hostage. ]CHAPTER 19PENAL CODEANORDINANCE TO PROVIDE AGENERALPENALCODE Ordinances, Nos. If you are charged with simple kidnapping without any underlying or additional offenses, it is very likely that the case will be based on he-said / she-said allegations. This is because if the defendant truly believed that the woman consented to the movement, he didnt have the requisite criminal intent that is necessary to sustain a kidnapping conviction.25. Kidnapping is classified into two categories in Section 359 of the Indian Penal Code and defined in Section 360 and 361 of the Indian Penal Code. Level of Offense. . Subsec. Kidnapping and Abduction are the crime under Indian Penal Code,1860. Insufficient evidence / false accusations, 2.5. (g). pose as an individual who can secure a release of an individual who has been kidnapped under these circumstances, falsely imprisoning another person to avoid an arrest, and/or. Under Penal Code 209 PC, aggravated kidnapping can be charged if you used force or fear on a victim under 14, caused the victim to sustain serious bodily injury or death, or demanded ransom after the kidnapping. Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. (B) using or threatening to use deadly force. 1998, provided that: Pub. However, if the victim is under 14 years of age, the punishment increases to five, eight, or 11 years in state prison. People v. Magana (1991) 230 Cal.App.3d 1117, 1121. It should be noted that neither children nor those who are mentally incapacitated (either based on mental illness or extreme intoxication) are deemed incapable of giving legal consent. If you dont participate in this type of necessary exchange, a prosecutor can charge you with a crime. New York Penal Law 135.25: Kidnapping in the first degree. Still, the applicability of three-strikes in . The defendant was not seeking religious donations, nor did he have any intention of driving the child to his home. Code, 209(b)) - Free Legal Information - Laws, Blogs, Legal Services and More 900, Sec. See same, subdivision (b). Unlike some other states, Californias gun laws require that all private party gun transfers be brokered through a licensed California gun dealer. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. (e) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that: (1) the person restrained was a child who is 14 years of age or older and younger than 17 years of age; (2) the actor does not restrain the child by force, intimidation, or deception; and. (3) the actor is not more than three years older than the child. (a) A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly abducts another person with the intent to: (3) facilitate the commission of a felony or the flight after the attempt or commission of a felony; (4) inflict bodily injury on him or violate or abuse him sexually; (5) terrorize him or a third person; or. Shouse Law Group has wonderful customer service. It means that he/she did not voluntarily agree to go with you. 20.02. whether the movement decreased the likelihood of being caught (same example). These include bigamy, incest, and marrying the spouse of another. 4.1. Both the offences are given under Chapter 26 - Offences affecting the Human Body, particularly from section 359 to 366 of Indian Penal code. Parents rights to travel with their children. L. 103322, 330021(1), which directed the amendment of this title by striking kidnaping each place it appears and inserting kidnapping, was executed by substituting Kidnapping for Kidnaping as section catchline, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. A violation of Penal Code 208 PC is charged as a felony and is punishable by imprisonment. ((f) Subdivisions (a) to (d), inclusive, do not apply to any of the following: (1) To any person who steals, takes, entices away, detains, conceals, or harbors any child under the age of 14 years, if that act is taken to protect the child from danger of imminent harm. It talks about the forcefully taking of the person or a child (from guardianship) with or without the consent for that matter. Jan. 1, 1974. you move the victim beyond what is merely incidental to the carjacking, the victim is moved a substantial distance from the area of the carjacking, and. (2) "Abduct" means to restrain a person with intent to prevent his liberation by: (A) secreting or holding him in a place where he is not likely to be found; or. Jan. 1, 1974. (Respondent concedes that false imprisonment is a necessarily lesser included offense of kidnapping and the conviction must be vacated.), Penal Code 210.5 PC False imprisonment for purposes of avoiding arrest or use as a shield. L. 99646, 36, substituted when for when: in introductory text, substituted the person for The person and official duties for his official duties in par. (d) to (f). Kidnapping and abduction are offences under chapter XVI of the Indian Penal Code. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 2020). 223 (H.B. . Abduction under Indian Penal Code 7. Nor canit be used as a basis for denying someone a job or promotion. S 135.00 Unlawful imprisonment, kidnapping and custodial interference; definitions of terms.The following definitions are applicable to this article: 1. (a). See also Penal Code sections 209 and 209.5, endnote 2, above. This includes kidnapping for ransom (Penal Code 209(a)), kidnapping to commit robbery, rape, oral copulation or sodomy (Penal Code 209(b)(1), and kidnapping during a carjacking offense (Penal Code 209.5). In order for a kidnapping to take place, you must move the alleged victim more than a slight or trivial distance. See Penal Code 207 PC Californias kidnapping law, subdivision (f)(1), endnote 1, above. False imprisonment also works as a good plea bargaining tool. a) ransom (that is, a payment in exchange for the alleged victim), a) the victim suffers death or bodily harm, or. 576), Sec. Jan. 1, 1974. The result is that parties get falsely arrested or arrested by error. Copyright 2022, Thomson Reuters. These may include considerations such as. Pub. (d) If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section or under both sections. ; Simple kidnapping is a felony punishable by up to 8 years in state prison. The People have the burden to prove that an infant or child incapable of consenting was taken or moved by force as defined above. 1. People v. Senior (1992) 3 Cal.App.4th 765, 781. A person violatesPenal Code 207when he: Simple kidnapping is a felony, subjecting a person to up to 8 years in the California state prison.9Aggravated kidnappingalso a felonycarries a sentence of five years to life, depending on the facts of the case. fraudulently kidnapping a person in another state and bringing him/her into this state. A party violatesPenal Code 209.5 PCwhen he: A conviction for violating Penal Code 209.5 PC subjects the offender to life in prison with the possibility of parole.11. Many states divide kidnapping into degrees or grade it as simple and aggravated (N.R.S. Please complete the form below and we will contact you momentarily. (a)(3). Simple kidnapping is a felony, punishable by, If you are convicted of aggravated kidnapping, you face. Section 364(a) specifically addresses kidnapping for ransom. L. 105314, 702(c), inserted at end Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the fact that the presumption under this section has not yet taken effect does not preclude a Federal investigation of a possible violation of this section before the 24-hour period has ended., 1996Subsec. This means a prosecutor must prove the following elements in order to successfully convict a defendant under PC 208b: Force or fear means that a defendant either: Penal Code 208bdoes notapply to the following parties: A person accused of PC 208b can challenge the accusation by raising a legal defense. (e). (d) It is no offense to detain or move another under this section when it is for the purpose of effecting a lawful arrest or detaining an individual lawfully arrested. Penal Code 278 PC Californias child abduction law, 4.6. But there may be cases when both the kinds can overlap each other. 11 of 1887,13 of 1888, 13of 1890, 3 of1892,11 of 1895,15 of 1898,16 of 1898, 5of I903, 10 ofI903,12 of 1906,10 of 1909, 10of 1910, 26 of1912, 7 of1915,16 of 1918,21 of Subsec. (5) with the margins of pars. 271, 1, 3, 47 Stat. Texas Penal Code Sec. Sec.
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