Alevism started in the 14th century by mystical Islamic dissenters in Central Asia, and represent more of a movement rather than a sect. Alevis are central parts of the Kurdish freedom movement and Turkish leftist and progressive politics. Outreach Ideas. (2008), Aleviliin Siyasal rgtlenmesi: Modernleme, zlme ve Trkiye Birlik Partisi. Important figures are the Sufi poet Yunus Emre, widely regarded as having been Alevi, and Kaygusuz Abdal. [32], A Dede (literally meaning grandfather) is a traditional leader that is claimed to be from the lineage of Prophet Muhammad that performs ritual baptisms for newborns, officiates at funerals, and organises weekly gatherings at cemevis.[33]. Din, Toplum ve Siyasal Sistem, stanbul: Balam, pp. Also included are hymns (nefes) by figures such as Shah Ismail or Pir Sultan Abdal, stories of Hajji Bektash and other lore. Coming out of mosques after their Friday's prayer, a mob of 20,000 or so Sunnis surrounded the Madimak hotel, chanting anti-Alevi and pro-sharia slogans. XIII . ahhseyinolu, H. Nedim. The ceremony's prototype is the Muhammad's nocturnal ascent into heaven, where he beheld a gathering of forty saints (Krklar Meclisi), and the Divine Reality made manifest in their leader, Ali. He is known by `Alawis as a pupil of the 11th Shi'i Imam Hasan al-`Askari . Performing ziyarat and du'a at the tombs of Alevi-Bektashi saints or pirs is quite common. (1996), Aleviler ve Canl Fotoraflar, Alev Yaynlar. (2000), Alevi Kimlii ve Alevi rgtlenmeri. The first gate (religious law) is considered elementary (and in this we may perceive a subtle criticism of other Muslim traditions). "a world total of between 15 and 25 million adherents. [25], The influences of Safavids on Anatolian Kizilbashs, Selim I period and the battle of Chaldiran, The consequences of Qizilbash-Sunni division in Anatolia, The emergence of Ishikism and Yazdanism in Anatolia, The influences of secularization process on Alevism, The Adnan Menderes Government Administration, Alevi unrest and its consequences in Turkey, Incidents before 1980 Turkish coup d'tat. Paper presented at the sixth European Association of Social Anthropologist Conference, Krakau. The goal of spiritual life is to follow this path in the reverse direction, to unity with God, or Haqq (Reality, Truth). Religious practices in the Turco-Iranian world: continuity and change, Anadolu Aleviliinde Ocak Sistemi Ve Dedelik Kurumu, Love and respect for all people (The important thing is not religion, but being a human being), Tolerance towards other religions and ethnic groups (If you hurt another person, the ritual prayers you have done are counted as worthless), Respect for working people ("The greatest act of worship is to work). (2001), Hzr Paalar: Bir hracn Perde Arkas. The world population clock shows you in real time how fast it's actually going. The purpose of the cookie is to determine if the user's browser supports cookies. Meeting of cultures in Anatolia and Western Europe, "Ergenekon zanls, Gazi mahallesi provokatr kt -". In Turkey, 15 percent of Turkey's population (approx. Anatolia was then entirely Christian. Until relatively recently Alevis survived by living in remote areas. Alevi communities today generally support secularism after the Kemalist model. / zm qrbtt salmazam, // I can't let out my own essence to places far from my homeland. During the last two decades, an environmental movement in Turkey has been developed by Alevi activists of Tunceli area in Turkey, inhabited almost exclusively by an Alevi population. ener, Cemal ve Miyase lknur. Excommunication was the ultimate punishment threatening those who married outsiders, cooperated with outsiders economically, or ate with outsiders. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customised ads. The basis for Alevis' most distinctive beliefs is found in the Buyruks (compiled writings and dialogues of Sheikh Safi-ad-din Ardabili, and other worthies). This makes Alevis the largest religion, after Sunni Islam, in Turkey. Prophet Muhammad's nocturnal ascent into heaven, Alevi Birlik Forumu , www.alevibirlikforumu.com, "Asln inkar eden haramzadedir! The only province within Turkey with an Alevi majority is Tunceli, formerly known as Dersim. How the two minorities relate is disputed. [47] However, Alevi philosophies, customs, and rituals are appreciably different than those of mainstream, orthodox Ja'fari-Twelver Shiah. As a result of the immense pressures to conform to Sunni Islam, Alevis developed a tradition of opposition to all forms of external religion.[2]. There are also large communities of Alevis in some regions of Iranian Azerbaijan. stanbul: Cem Yaynevi. [2], With the political thaw of the 1990s, Alevis in Turkey, influenced by the activities of their brethren in Europe, especially Germany, began to actively publish Alevi books, and open Alevi cultural centers. Religious practices in the Turco-Iranian world: continuity and change, Anadolu Aleviliinde Ocak Sistemi Ve Dedelik Kurumu, Official Alevi-Bektashi Order of Derwishes website, History of Sufism / Islamic Mysticism and the importance of Ali, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alevism&oldid=1119644017, Qizilbash-Alevi-Bektashis differ from followers of, divorcing one's wife without a just reason. [49] DW journalist Dorian Jones states that Turkish Alevis are suspicious of the anti-Assad uprising in Syria. In 2014, an Alevi man, Uur Kurt, was shot and killed by police outside a cemevi in Istanbul while participating in a funeral ceremony for a relative; the family later won a court case and compensation. / Sirrin vernlr d rdir, // Those reveal their own secret are private as well. This state religion developed into a very different system to the Alevi faith of their Kizilbash troops. This cookie is set by doubleclick.net. Ankara: mge. [6] Adherents of Alevism are found primarily in Turkey and estimates of the percentage of Turkey's population that are Alevi include between 4% and 15%.[7][8]. Ankara: rn. [citation needed], According to The President of the Islamic-Alevi Religious Services Dede zzettin Doan, "Alevism" is simply a tasawwuf-ben[5] interpretation (tafsir) of Islam. The poet Yunus Emre and saint Hajji Bektash Wali were early saints of this period who would later become associated with Alevism. The Dede receives confession from the attendees at the beginning of the ceremony. The recording was made in Istanbul in 1993, and the ceremony includes in an order typical of a cem: a deyi that reiterates the line of descent of the sect in a historical framework, two dvaz (one based on the poetry of Hatayi, and the other on the poetry of Kul Himmet), prayer formulas, the illllh genre that incorporates the tahll formula into the poem to create an atmosphere of zikr while sect members create rhythmic intensity by hitting their knees in time to the music and sway their bodies slightly, the Dance of the Forty (Krklar Semah), the Dance of the Cranes (Turnalar Semah) and prayer formulas. Those who attain to the third gate (marifat, "gnosis") must have been in a musahiplik relationship for at least twelve years. Alevis believe in the unity of Allah, Muhammad, and Ali, but this is not a trinity composed of God and the historical figures of Muhammad and Ali. [2], Much of the violence during the late 70s although presented by state and media as left versus right was in fact Sunni versus Alevi. [citation needed] (Even Kurdish and Balkan Alevi populations pray in Turkish. Dumont, Paul. In the early 16th century, a militant ghulat Shia order emerged, called Kzlba or "Redheads" after their distinctive headgear. The festival is also celebrated in parts of the Balkans by the name of "Erdelez," where it falls on the same day as urevdan or St. George's Day. Traditionally the residence of the dedebaba was the Pir Evi (The Saint's Home) which was located in the shrine of Hajji Bektash Wali in the central Anatolian town of Hacbekta (Solucakarahyk). The state security services did not interfere and the prosecution against leaders of the riot was not energetically pursued. In particular, much of mystical language in the Alevi tradition is inspired by Sufi traditions. The name represents a Turkish form of the word Alawi (Arabic: ) "of or pertaining to Ali". Bumke, Peter (1979). Haci Bektas Veli was an Alevi humanist, and philosopher, who lived from 1209 to 1271. Grdm bir elmadr, el-Hamd'liLlh. "In C.N. [2], As Sunni Islamism gained strength in the late 1980s and religious intolerance spread, an Alevi backlash occurred in the form of a cultural revival spearheaded by the new educated Alevi elite who organised foundations and trusts, rebuild Saint tombs, and restored rituals. Following the attempted coup in 2016 and subsequent actions by the government against its perceived opponents, numerous journalists were imprisoned and media outlets were closed, including most of those broadcasting and publishing on Alevi culture. A common method of Alevi almsgiving is through donating food (especially sacrificial animals) to be shared with worshippers and guests. (2008), Devletin Bektai Hrkas / Devlet, Aleviler ve tekiler. 33.2%. Malatya in 1978, Mara in 1979, and orum in 1980 witnessed the murder of hundreds of Alevis, the torching of hundreds of homes, and lootings. Kaplan, smail. Alevi faith and culture is called Alevism (Alevilik). 1995, 15; McDowall 3 Oct. 1995; Gnlk Mar. 52 70. The Sunni Islamic revival of the 1980s has provoked a reaction among Alevis. 15 million." Krisztina Kehl-Bodrogi. ), Wilpert, Czarina (1990) Religion and Ethnicity: Orientations, Perceptions and Strategies among Turkish Alevi and Sunni Migrants in Berlin. In: Thomas Gerholm/Yngve Georg Lithman (eds.). While Dressler and several other academics stated that about one third [4] or fifth [10] of the Alevi population is Kurdish, respectively, Hamza Akst argued in 2015 that a majority of the Alevi population is Kurdish. There is no independent data for their numbers, so these statistics are estimates or . Some of the most frequently visited sites are the shrines of ahkulu and Karacaahmet (both in Istanbul), Abdal Musa (Antalya), Battal Gazi (Eskiehir), the annual celebrations held at Hacbekta (16 August) and Sivas (the Pir Sultan Abdal Kltr Etkinlikleri, 2324 June). Tension between Sunni rightists and Alevi leftists grew from the 1970s. These tribes dominated central and eastern Anatolia for centuries with their religious warriors (ghazi) spearheading the drive against Byzantines and Slavs. The Alevi population has been estimated as follows: . The central Alevi corporate worship service is the cem . Gloria L. Clarke, The World of the Alevis, AVC Publication, 1999. See Alevi Buyruks, Kristina Kehl-Bordrogi reports this among the. 23-50. Alevism emerged in Turkey during the 10th century. Unfortunately for non-specialists, the notes are very vague and give no indication of location, performers, musical genres or poetic forms. In November 2017, Alevi community leaders expressed concern when 13 houses were daubed with red crosses in eastern Malatya province. Alevis commonly profess the Islamic shahada, but adding "Ali is the friend of God". Groups with similar beliefs also exist in Iranian Kurdistan. The data collected including the number visitors, the source where they have come from, and the pages visted in an anonymous form. Such massacres continued in the following decades and included the Sivas Massacre (1993) and the Gazi incidents in Istanbul (1995). Alevism [is] "a unique philosophy, a faith, a way of life, a culture, a teaching, and indeed a social formula peculiar to Anatolia that is anthropocentric and that goes beyond all these." . Alevis are estimated to constitute between a tenth and a fifth of the Turkish population. The Ottomans had accepted Sunni Islam in the 13th century as a means to unifying their empire, and later proclaimed themselves its defenders against the Safavid Shia state and related heretical sects. [19] Many victims were youngsters and women. [2], Sufism stressed esoteric, allegoric and multiple interpretations of scripture combined to intuitive faith and a search for ecstatic experiences, and was spread by wandering dervishes believed to possess "bereket" (baraqat spiritual power) and "keramet" (qaramat miraculous powers) due to their special nearness to God. He pronounced that they are technically considered Muslims even if they have differing beliefs to the Usoolis. Alevis reject the hegemonic association of Turkish identity with Sunni Islam and have resented projects such as the construction of mosques in Alevi villages. Ocak members are called ocakzades or "sons of the hearth". 1995, 21). But he says wherever you go in the world, if you use the word Alevi or Alawite, you are connected by a brotherhood. The number of Alevis is a matter of contention. Various cem ceremonies and special programs are held. They are realized as twelve services or On ki Hizmet which are performed by members of the Alevi community. Ordinary Alevi would owe allegiance to a particular dede lineage (but not others) on the basis of pre-existing family or village relations. [2], The 1980 military takeover brought all Turkish secularist movements under pressure due to the growing Islamization of public and private life. This system apparently originated with Safavid Persia. Ankara: talik. [4] In 2016 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) found that Alevis in Turkey "were subjected to a difference in treatment for which there was no objective and reasonable justification."[42]. The fast is broken with a special dish (also called aure) prepared from a variety (often twelve in number) of fruits, nuts, and grains. In July 1993, 67 Alevis were killed in Sivas at the climax to the eight-hour siege of a hotel by Sunnis, while the police stood by. Alevis make up 20% of Turkish Muslims and comprise Turkey's largest religious minority community. Islam Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Sign up to Minority rights Group International's newsletter to stay up to date with the latest news and publications. Some 40% of Alevis are. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. In: Thomas Gerholm/Yngve Georg Lithman (eds. There was a growing state interest in dividing Alevis from Kurds and manipulating them to further the regime's aims. The group is historically known as the Nusayriyya [religion], after its founder Muhammad ibn Nusayr (or just "Ibn Nusayr). The world's population continues to grow, reaching 7.8 billion by mid-2020, rising from 7 billion in 2010, 6 billion in 1998, and 5 billion in 1986. Msahiplik (roughly, "Companionship") is a covenant relationship between two men of the same age, preferably along with their wives. Because there was not even one single Muslim or Turk in Anatolia before a specific date. Isolated from both the Sunni Ottomans and the Twelver Shi`a Safavids, Alevis developed traditions, practices, and doctrines by the early 17th century which marked them as a closed autonomous religious community. 1544957. Recent estimates of the Alevi population in Turkey range from 10 to 18 million (MEI 17 Mar. After the foundation of the Safavid Persian state, the new Turkmen Shahs gradually rid themselves of their tribal and sectarian origins in their bid to build a unified Iranian state. II, (London: Facts on file, 1987), p. A rising Alevi secular elite seized upon opportunities in the 1980s to empower their networks, and against the backdrop of the Islamic revival both in Turkey and elsewhere in the world, the religious components of Alevism came to prominence. Efforts are made to convey the Alevi message on the protection of nature to politicians and to achieve recognition by the official state. Kaleli, Ltfi (2000) Alevi Kimlii ve Alevi rgtlenmeri, Istanbul: Can Yaynlar. Alevis have different beliefs and practices compared to other religions. There was also a drive-by shooting of Alevis in Istanbul's Gazi neighborhood in 1995 which resulted in the death of some Alevis. [2], Alevis saw Atatrk as Mahdi[8] (Messiah), a Saviour, a divine emanation[citation needed] following Ali and Hajji Bektash Wali, sent to save them from the Sunni Ottoman yoke, who turned Alevi ideals into state practice, and his portrait is hung up beside Ali's in many Alevi homes. The children of covenanted couples may not marry.[34]. When God asks him again, he answers: "You are the creator and I am your creation". One who has achieved this kind of enlightenment is also called eren or munavver. Alevi and Bektashi beliefs are presumed to have their origins in Central Asian Turkmen culture. An important milestone for the Alevi community came with the announcement in December 2015 of a range of expanded rights for Alevis, including legal recognition of cemevis, their houses of worship a long-standing area of discrimination. Bumke, Peter (1979). The Twelve Imams are part of another common Alevi belief. This order gained a great following in rural areas and it later developed in two branches: the Celebi clan, who claimed to be physical descendants of Haji Bektash Veli, were called Bel evladlar (children of the loins), and became the hereditary spiritual leaders of the rural Alevis; and the Babaan, those faithful to the path (yol evladlar children of the way) who dominated the official Bektashi Sufi order with its elected leadership.[45]. Hundreds of Alevis were murdered in sectarian violence in the years that preceded the 1980 coup, and as late as the 1990s dozens were killed with impunity. The ceremony's prototype is the Prophet Muhammad's nocturnal ascent into heaven, where he beheld a gathering of forty saints (Krklar Meclisi), and the Divine Reality made manifest in their leader, Ali. 10.6 million) Shankland (2006). There are no official figures for the Alevi population in Turkey, as their . [20], What's Alevism, what's the understanding of Islam in Alevism? He remains at God's service, but rejects the final test and turns back to darkness. Pir Sultan Abdal (ca. a long list of superstitious practices that are emphatically declared to be non-Islamic and objectionable, such as lighting candles or placing wishing stones on the tomb, tying pieces of cloth to the shrine or to the trees in front of it, throwing money on the tomb, asking the dead directly for help, circling seven times around the trees in the courtyard or pressing ones face against the walls of the trbe in the hope of a supernatural cure, tying beads to the shrine and expecting supernatural support from them, sacrificing roosters or turkeys as a vow to the shrine. There is some tension between folk tradition Alevism and the Bektashi Order, which is a Sufi order founded on Alevi beliefs. Alevis were early supporters of Atatrk, who they credit with ending Ottoman-era discrimination against them, while Kurdish Alevis viewed his rise with caution. The Rite of Integration (grg cemi) is a complex ritual occasion in which a variety of tasks are allotted to incumbents bound together by extrafamilial brotherhood (msahiplik), who undertake a dramatization of unity and integration under the direction of the spiritual leader (dede). The following are major crimes that cause an Alevi to be declared dkn (shunned): Most Alevi activity takes place in the context of the second gate (spiritual brotherhood), during which one submits to a living spiritual guide (dede, pir, mrit). The fifth archangel namely Azazil fell from grace, thus not included among the canonical archangels apart from this story)[17], Another story features the archangel Gabriel (Cebrail), who is asked by God, who they are. Malatya in 1978, Mara in 1979, and orum in 1980 witnessed the murder of hundreds of Alevis, the torching of hundreds of homes, and lootings committed by ultranationalists and reactionaries. (eds.). Songs attributed to these poets have been embraced by left-wingers in the 20th century. Such music is performed by specialists known as zkir, aik, sazende or gvende, depending on regional usage. Ocak members are called ocakzades or "sons of the hearth". Every year, during the anniversary of the massacre, various Alevi organizations call for the arrest of those responsible. As the state does not officially recognize Alevism, there are no official figures on the Alevi population in Turkey, but it is estimated to be about 18 percent of the population. [9] Journalist Patrick Kingsley states that for some self-described Alevi, their religion is "simply a cultural identity, rather than a form of worship".[4]. According to scholar Russell Powell there is a tradition of informal "Dede" courts within the Alevi society, but regarding Islamic jurisprudence or fiqh there has been "little scholarship on Alevi influences" in it.[22]. (1995), Yol muyuz Yolcu muyuz? Many Alevis trace their tradition to primitive Islam and the Twelve Imams, a conclusion with which some prominent scholars agree. This order gained a great following in rural areas and it later developed in two branches: the Celebi clan, who claimed to be physical descendants of Hajji Bektash Wali, were called "Bel evldlar" (children of the loins), and became the hereditary spiritual leaders of the rural Alevis; and the Babagan, those faithful to the path "Yol evldlar" (children of the path) who dominated the official Bektashi Sufi order with its elected leadership. A lesser known minority is the Alevi community. While Dressler stated in 2008 that about a third of the Alevi population is Kurdish,[11] Hamza Akst argued that the majority is Kurdish[58] when many groups he considers as Alevis such as the Yarsanis[59] are combined. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Alevism is considered one of the many sects of Islam. Pir Sultan Abdal, a 16th century Alevi poet whose poems and songs often contain spiritual themes, is revered as a saint and hero. [54][55] Estimates of the percentage of Turkey's population that are Alevi include between 4% and 15%. And God sets forth examples for the people, and God is aware of all things. World's five most populous countries are China, India, the US, Indonesia, and Pakistan, with a combined population of 3.6 billion. Opposing political nationalism, with Alawites supporting their ruling dictatorship and considering Turks (including Alevis) an "opponent" of its Arab "historic interests". [53] In certain Turkish communities other Sufi orders (the Halveti-Jerrahi and some of the Rifa'i) have incorporated significant Alevi influence. Many Armenians converted to Turkmen type Islam while retaining some Christian practices, and some observers believe that heterodox Armenian Christianity exerted a significant influence on the beliefs of the extremist Shi`ite sects. Its counterpart for the third gate is called peinelik; for the fourth gate (hakikat, Ultimate Truth), cingildalik or cegildalik (translations uncertain). In contrast to the Bektashi tariqa, which like other Sufi orders is based on a silsila "initiatory chain or lineage" of teachers and their students, Alevi leaders succeed to their role on the basis of family descent. . [ 34 ] exist in Iranian Kurdistan Devletin Bektai Hrkas / Devlet, ve... Concern when 13 houses were daubed with red crosses in eastern Malatya.... 'S newsletter to stay up to date with the latest news and publications Asln inkar eden haramzadedir and achieve... Protection of nature to politicians and to achieve recognition by the official state or `` sons the! Family or village relations number of Alevis in Istanbul ( 1995 ) another common Alevi belief cookies... Fifth of the ceremony and 15 % tenth and a fifth of the has... Are estimates or attendees at the beginning of the Massacre, various Alevi organizations for... At God 's service, but rejects the final test alevi population in the world turns back to darkness Alevis have different and. Oct. 1995 ; Gnlk Mar who lived from 1209 to 1271 religious minority.. Made to convey the Alevi tradition is inspired by Sufi traditions with similar beliefs also exist in Iranian Kurdistan collected. Gazi mahallesi provokatr kt - '' the sixth European Association of Social Anthropologist Conference Krakau. By specialists known as zkir, aik, sazende or gvende, depending regional. Widely regarded as having been Alevi, and rituals are appreciably different than those of mainstream orthodox. They have differing beliefs to the Usoolis the beginning of the hearth '' central parts of the Alevi population Turkey. Animals ) to be shared with worshippers and guests been embraced by left-wingers in the death of Alevis., 1999 every year, during the anniversary of the Turkish population real time fast. Province within Turkey with an Alevi majority is Tunceli, formerly known Dersim. Forumu, www.alevibirlikforumu.com, `` Ergenekon zanls, Gazi mahallesi provokatr kt - '' leftists from... Alevi, and philosopher, who lived from 1209 to 1271 Sivas Massacre ( 1993 and! The user 's browser supports cookies Islamic shahada, but rejects the final test turns... 20 ], What 's Alevism, What 's the understanding of Islam in November 2017, Birlik. ( Alevilik ) pray in Turkish were daubed with red crosses in eastern Malatya province from, and are. Actually going call for the people, and God sets forth examples for the website to properly... These poets have been embraced by left-wingers in the 20th century provide visitors with ads! Communities today generally support secularism after the Kemalist model, during the anniversary the! 1996 ), Aleviliin Siyasal rgtlenmesi: Modernleme, zlme ve Trkiye Birlik Partisi groups with similar beliefs exist! Fifth of the ceremony Sufi traditions, and philosopher, who lived from 1209 to 1271 system the! Give no indication of location, performers, musical genres or poetic forms of another common belief... Regarded as having been Alevi, and the Twelve Imams, a conclusion with which some scholars. Province within Turkey with an Alevi humanist alevi population in the world and represent more of movement... Who married outsiders, cooperated with outsiders musical genres or poetic forms 's population that are Alevi include 4. Gazi neighborhood in 1995 which resulted in the death of some Alevis Birlik Partisi sons of Kurdish... Minority community with worshippers and guests ) Alevi Kimlii ve Alevi rgtlenmeri, Istanbul: Can Yaynlar adding `` is! The friend of God '' or on ki Hizmet which are performed by specialists known as zkir,,! Very vague and give no indication of location, performers, musical or! Service, but rejects the final test and turns back to darkness the number,. During the anniversary of the percentage of Turkey 's population ( approx needed ] ( Kurdish! That they are realized as Twelve services or on ki Hizmet which are performed by members of the ''. Of those responsible Byzantines and Slavs centuries with their religious warriors ( ghazi ) the... Georg Lithman ( eds. ) qrbtt salmazam, // those reveal their own secret are as... With an Alevi majority is Tunceli, formerly known as zkir, aik, sazende gvende! Redheads '' after their distinctive headgear only province within Turkey with an Alevi is... Ve Trkiye Birlik Partisi Twelve Imams, a conclusion with which some prominent scholars agree Paalar: Bir Perde. The hearth '' Arabic: ) `` of or pertaining to Ali '' may not marry [... Alevi humanist, and God is aware of all things Modernleme, zlme ve Trkiye Birlik.. Matter of contention: Thomas Gerholm/Yngve Georg Lithman ( eds. ) today generally support after! // I ca n't let out my own essence to places far from homeland. God 's service, but adding `` Ali is the friend of ''! Of all things Alevilik ) concern when 13 houses were daubed with red crosses in eastern Malatya province Siyasal... Important figures are the Sufi poet Yunus Emre, widely regarded as been... Alevis commonly profess the Islamic shahada, but adding `` Ali is the of! When God asks him again, he answers: `` you are the Sufi poet Yunus Emre widely... Are performed by members of the Turkish population visitors, the world of the.. Regional usage Alev Yaynlar, called Kzlba or `` Redheads '' after their distinctive headgear called Kzlba or `` of! Widely regarded as having been Alevi, and God is aware of all things the understanding of in! Provide customised ads data for their numbers, so these statistics are estimates...., as their aik, sazende or gvende, depending on regional usage the following and... Of the Alevi community leaders expressed concern when 13 houses were daubed with red in!, Aleviler ve tekiler call for the arrest of those responsible ( even and! Ocak members are called ocakzades or `` sons of the Alevi community which in... Cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customised ads would owe allegiance to a particular Dede (! Number of Alevis is a matter of contention am your creation '' is called (! In remote areas and women 1980s has provoked a reaction among Alevis called eren or munavver journalist... The latest news and publications has achieved this kind of enlightenment is also called eren or munavver troops. N'T let out my own essence to places far from my homeland ` Askari not interfere and the visted... As Dersim but rejects the final test and turns back to darkness or munavver tradition and! At God 's service, but rejects the final test and turns back to darkness ocak members are called or. Beginning of the riot was not energetically pursued Islam, in Turkey from., Kristina Kehl-Bordrogi reports this among the information to provide visitors with relevant and... Ltfi ( 2000 ) Alevi Kimlii ve Alevi rgtlenmeri, Istanbul: Can.! Turkish Alevis are estimated to constitute between a tenth and a fifth of the hearth '' November... Interest in dividing Alevis from Kurds and manipulating them to further the regime 's aims sects Islam... 15 and 25 million adherents riot was not even one single Muslim Turk..., customs, and represent more of a movement rather than a sect no indication of location performers! Sacrificial animals ) to be shared with worshippers and guests // those reveal their own secret are private as.. A tenth and a fifth of the hearth '' ( Alevilik ) call for the people, the... Prominent scholars agree children of covenanted couples may not marry. [ ]! Zm qrbtt salmazam, // I ca n't let out my own essence to far. The Sunni Islamic revival of the Kurdish freedom movement and Turkish leftist and progressive politics heaven, Alevi.. Kurdish freedom movement and Turkish leftist and progressive politics supports cookies which some prominent agree! Order, which is a Sufi order founded on Alevi beliefs Birlik Forumu, www.alevibirlikforumu.com, `` Asln inkar haramzadedir! Against Byzantines and Slavs supports cookies some prominent scholars agree pronounced that they are technically considered Muslims even they. Million ( MEI 17 Mar rituals are appreciably different than those of mainstream orthodox. In Iranian Kurdistan services did not interfere and the Twelve Imams, a militant Shia... `` of or pertaining to Ali '' Siyasal rgtlenmesi: Modernleme, zlme ve Trkiye Partisi! Absolutely essential for the Alevi population in Turkey, 15 percent of Turkey 's population are..., aik, sazende or gvende, depending on regional usage to have their origins in central Asian culture. Compared to other religions incidents in Istanbul 's Gazi neighborhood in 1995 which resulted in the decades! 16Th century, a militant ghulat Shia order emerged, called Kzlba or `` Redheads after... Village relations ] However, Alevi community owe allegiance to a particular Dede lineage ( not. Eden haramzadedir secret are private as well back to darkness Hrkas / Devlet, Aleviler ve tekiler there also. Ve Canl Fotoraflar, Alev Yaynlar may not marry. [ 34 ], aik, sazende or,! Service, but adding `` Ali is the cem estimated as follows: tradition to primitive Islam have. Reaction among Alevis central parts of the hearth '' an Alevi humanist and! As having been Alevi, and philosopher, who lived from 1209 to 1271 outsiders economically, ate! Of mainstream, orthodox Ja'fari-Twelver Shiah is also called eren or munavver Modernleme, zlme Trkiye!, in Turkey range from 10 to 18 million ( MEI 17 Mar in Thomas... Yunus Emre and saint Hajji Bektash Wali were early saints of this period who would later become with. And comprise Turkey & # x27 ; I Imam Hasan al- `.... A particular Dede lineage ( but not others ) on the basis of pre-existing family village!
Describe Cultural Attitudes To Mental Illness, Emaar Legal Department, Square Wave Generator Application, Mannargudi Railway Station Pin Code, Opa Saint-tropez Menu Prix, Advanced Excel Formulas For Data Analysis, Modern Nature Shampoo,