Najafi E., Devineni N., Khanbilvardi R.M., Kogan F. Understanding the changes in global crop yields through changes in climate and technology. The recently published research indicated both JA and MeJA promote plant defense against different stresses [73]. This suggests that wilting A. lyrata leaves experience a lower loss of turgor. Sci. He is also interested in computer-aided drug design. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. The young leaves of 4-week-old tobacco plants were contaminated by the recombinant Agrobacterium tumefaciens using the method according to Kokkirala et al. Fast, scalable generation of high-quality protein multiple sequence alignments using Clustal Omega. Jonak C, Hirt H. Glycogen synthase kinase 3/SHAGGY-like kinases in plants: an emerging family with novel functions. Plant Sci. For the root length assay, the sterilized seeds of transgenic lines and WT were grown on 1/2 MS media for 3 days, and then the seedlings were transplanted to fresh media supplemented with mannitol (0, 150, and 300 mM), NaCl (0, 75, and 150 mM), and ABA (0, 0.5, and 1.0 M) for another 7 days to examine the root length (Rushton et al., 2012; Seo et al., 2012; Shang et al., 2012; Chen et al., 2015). Phytophthora infestans also induced StNAC2 expression in addition to its induction by salt, drought and wounding stresses, indicating the possibility of cross-talking of signaling molecules involved in biotic and abiotic stresses [61]. Plant Cell 17, 18661875. Osakabe Y, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K, Tran LSP. Biol. Plant Biotechnol. Arch Biochem Biophys 2006; 452(1): 55-68. Plant Cell 2002; 14(Suppl. The ABI1 and ABI2 genes encode two serine/threonine phosphatases 2C (PP2C) proteins that acted as negative regulators of ABA response (Merlot et al., 2001), and the ABI4 and ABI5 genes are the best characterized positive regulators of ABA signaling (Reeves et al., 2011; Rushton et al., 2012). (1999). (F) Tissue samples were taken at different stages of soybean growth and development. All experiments were repeated three times along with three independent repetitions of the biological experiments and the results were analyzed using the delta-delta threshold cycle method [25]. Arabidopsis seeds of WT and GmWRKY16 transgenic line #12 of T3 generation were sown in mixed soil (vermiculite and flower nutrient soil, 1:1) and cultured in the chamber room. The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2018.01979/full#supplementary-material, Babitha, K. C., Ramu, S. V., Pruthvi, V., Mahesh, P., Nataraja, K. N., and Udayakumar, M. (2013). Functional categorization of common genes in different tissues (root and shoot) of Arabidopsis in response to drought and salinity stresses. 14:236. doi: 10.1186/s12870-014-0236-0, Bencke-Malato, M., Cabreira, C., Wiebke-Strohm, B., Bcker-Neto, L., Mancini, E., and Osorio, M. B. Biol. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants with increased levels of NHX1 exhibited substantially enhanced salt tolerance, while ectopic expression of the AVP1 H+-transporting pyrophosphatase pump increased both salt and drought tolerance (Apse et al., 1999; Gaxiola et al., 2001). Cell membrane stability declined rapidly in Kentucky bluegrass exposed to drought and heat stress simultaneously (Wang and Huang, 2004). The purified PCR product was then inserted into the multiple cloning sites of the pLB vector (Tiangen Rapid DNA Ligation Kit, Beijing, China). Genome-wide identification of soybean WRKY transcription factors in response to salt stress. Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Curr Sci 1999; 1220-7. Recent Advances in the Molecular Effects of Biostimulants in Plants: An Overview. They provide easy access to the latest research on a wide variety of issues. [28]. This sample was chosen because the populations (1) are among the most drought resistant in A. thaliana (Exposito-Alonso et al., 2018) and (2) are late flowering (Arapheno database, FT16, DOI: 10.21958/phenotype:262) so that the stress exposure cannot be circumvented by life cycle termination. The WRKY TFs constitute one of the biggest transcription factor families, which play multiple roles in plants. Salt DE. ( a, SF priming-induced transcript changes during, SF priming-induced transcript changes during drought stress in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Environ. 15:232. doi: 10.1186/s12870-015-0602-6, Luo, X., Bai, X., Sun, X., Zhu, D., Liu, B., Ji, W., et al. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) [36-38], Glycogen Synthase Kinase3 (GSK3) [40-41], S6 Kinase (S6K) [42], Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases (CDPKs) [43-45] and most of SNF1-related kinases (SnRKs). Genome-wide identification and characterization of WRKY transcriptional factor family in apple and analysis of their responses to waterlogging and drought stress. Its specific ability to accumulate heavy metals enhances its defences against herbivores but sets strong constitutive demands on detoxifying systems which are important for re-establishing homeostasis after stress (Mittler, 2002; Becher et al., 2004; Krmer and Clemens, 2006; Stolpe et al., 2016). S3B). The Mg-Chelatase H subunit ofarabidopsis antagonizes a group of WRKY transcription repressors to relieve ABA-responsive genes of inhibition. Thirdly, parameters independent of stomatal patterning such as photosynthetic ability can also contribute to variation in WUE, as reported recently in A. thaliana (Farquhar et al., 1989; Dittberner et al., 2018). Verdc.) Bot. Gene 2014; 549(1): 24-32. Letter numbers indicate significant differences between treatments (P<0.05). Another Cys desulfuration reaction catalyzed by the l-Cys desulfurases occurs in iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis and involves the formation of l-Ala and elemental sulfur or H2S from Cys. The interaction of the GA-signaling molecule -DELLA- with the components of the signaling pathways for the stress hormone jasmonic acid indicates the role of an additional mechanism by which GA signaling may integrate multiple hormone signaling pathways in response to abiotic stresses [77]. He F, Arce AL, Schmitz G, Koornneef M, Novikova P, Beyer A, de Meaux J. Kronholm I, Pic FX, Alonso-Blanco C, Goudet J, de Meaux JD. Overexpression of GmWRKY16 in Arabidopsis promoted seed germination and root elongation of seedlings under NaCl and mannitol treatments (Figures 4, 5), and enhanced the tolerance of transgenic plants to salt and drought stresses (Figures 6, 7). Yet, little is known about how the response to limiting water supply changes among closely related plant species with distinct ecological preferences. (A) Abaxial stomatal density. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.02.006, Merlot, S., Gosti, F., Guerrier, D., Vavasseur, A., and Giraudat, J. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(68)90654-1, Hennig, L. (2012). CSD1and CSD2 (targets of miR398) play an important role in scavenging activity of ROS (results shown in Figure 8) [23]; SOD enzyme activity increased in both WT and lcd under PEG8000 (Figure 8A); Similarly, H2O2 and MDA contents increased in both WT and lcd under PEG8000 and it is notable that MDA content increased to a greater extent in lcd compared with WT (Figure 8B and 8C). doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2010.02.006, Sairam, R., Deshmukh, P., and Saxena, D. (1998). doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.26.15354, Reeves, W. M., Lynch, T. J., Mobin, R., and Finkelstein, R. R. (2011). 1B), despite significant differences in stomatal density and size. Several studies point to the adaptive relevance of its variation (Kesari et al., 2012; Exposito-Alonso et al., 2018). Syst. One single plant was grown in each 7 cm pot and no vegetative propagation had occurred at the time the experiment was performed. 115, 327334. The results indicated that 0.25% (27 out of 10645) of DEGs from both tissues showed possible crosstalk in response to drought and salinity stresses (Table 2). Plant Soil 39, 205207. Plant Cell Physiol. Table S2: phenotypes measured in the three drying-down experiments. The research presented in this thesis describes a comparative study on drought-related genes between Arabidopsis and rice. Under drought stress, the expressions of COR15A and LEA76 were upregulated in GmWRKY16 transgenic lines that were increased over 10-fold as compared to those in the wild type (Figure 9B). 9:e27700. 2020 Jan 11;21(2):474. doi: 10.3390/ijms21020474. Plant J. Busk PK, Pags M. Regulation of abscisic acid-induced transcription. Genome-wide investigation of WRKY gene family in pineapple: evolution and expression profiles during development and stress. Among the protein kinases involved in stress signal transduction in plants are those common to all eukaryotic organisms, i.e. Cho K, Agrawal GK, Jwa NS, Kubo A, Rakwal R. Rice OsSIPK and its orthologs: a central master switch for stress responses. BMC Plant Biol. Day 20 of my experiment and it is clear, be it under field or greenhouse conditions the visible effects of drought appears later in tall fescue and ryegrass #abioticstress. Tavakol E, Sardaro ML, Shariati JV, Rossini L, Porceddu E. Isolation, promoter analysis and expression profile of Dreb2 in response to drought stress in wheat ancestors. 10, 211. Measurement of roots and leaf growth and development was as follows. Front Plant Sci. To verify the subcellular localization of GmWRKY16 protein, the full-length GmWRKY16 cDNA without the termination codon was fused in-frame to the 5 end of GFP gene at the NcoI and SpeI sites of the pCAMBIA1302 vector to obtain the GmWRKY16-GFP fusion construct (data not shown). In the relative quantification analysis, ACTIN was used as a reference gene to normalize expression values. S1). These free-to-view online journals cover all major disciplines of science, medicine, technology and social sciences. Phytochemistry 2011; 72(10): 1273-84. This study documents the contrasting reactions deployed by Arabidopsis species in response to lowering SWC. The results of several studies indicated the usefulness of the microarray technology to the analysis of expression profiles in response to abiotic stresses, such as drought, cold and high-salinity [19-24]. With respect to this issue, several circadian elements were found in drought and salinity responsive genes in this study (Table 3). All spermatophytes possess the molecular toolkit to tolerate intense cellular dehydration in seeds (Golovina et al., 1997; Kermode, 1997; Wehmeyer and Vierling, 2000). of divergence in freezing tolerance among a group of Arabidopsis thaliana populations along the Yangtze River in China. The positive clones in Escherichia coli were used to obtain the full cDNA sequence of GmWRKY16 identified by PCR, enzyme digestion and sequencing [Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., China] (L et al., 2015; Ma et al., 2018). Leaf lamina thickness was measured on one ink-marked medium-size leaf every second day using a digital ruler (HOLEX, Hoffmann Group, Knoxville, TN, USA) with an accuracy of 0.03 mm. Plants were grown for 5 weeks in the greenhouse, re-potted in weighed pots filled with the initial soil mixture and transferred to the growth chamber. Before the application of a saturating light flash (duration 0.8 s), plants were dark-adapted for 30 min. Furthermore, overexpression of GmWRKY16 caused a reduction of stomatal aperture under ABA treatments (Supplementary Figure S2) and decreased water loss rate under drought treatment (Figure 7). The articles are of high quality and broad scope. We give sincere appreciation to Dr. Howard Neufeld from the Department of Biology at Appalachian State University for his generous help with the English and for the reviewing work. The interaction between species and the damage score were found to be significant (M4: F3, 100 = 2.96, P-value = 0.035). This site needs JavaScript to work properly. CmWRKY1 and CmWRKY10 enhanced drought and dehydration tolerance of chrysanthemum by an ABA-mediated pathway through the regulation of ABA-associated genes (Fan et al., 2016; Jaffar et al., 2016). GAG motif plays a major role in abiotic stress in tobacco [82]. e77047. For salt stress, 9078 gene accessions in root and 5785 gene accessions in shoot tissue were differentially expressed. The list and expression data on these drought and salinity stress-down-regulated gene accessions are available as a supplementary material (Table S2). Understanding the functions of these genes and their role in plant tolerance to drought stress will help improvement of drought stress tolerance of crop plants through gene transfer. In this way, the Arabidopsis DREB1A gene, normally induced by cold/salt stress, also confers drought stress resistance upon overexpression (20). These targets necessitate investigation for the complete genomic sequence in the public domain, availability of easy transformation protocols, Expressed Sequence Tags (EST), microarray and proteomics data, and ideally a large set of well-characterized mutants. CmWRKY1 enhances the dehydration tolerance of chrysanthemum through the regulation of ABA-associated genes. Genome-wide identification of WRKY family genes and their response to cold stress in Vitis vinifera. ", Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA, = National Center for Biotechnology Information, The Guest Edited Thematic Issues are published free of charge, Average publication time is 18 days between the final acceptance of revised manuscript and its publication, (Indiana University School of Nursing, USA), (Centre Antipoison-Centre de Pharmacovigilance, France), (St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, USA), (Indiana University School of Medicine, USA), (Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands), (Instituto de Agroquimica y Tecnologia de Alimentos, Spain), (University of Trs-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal), (Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong), Fabricating and Stating False Information, Post Publication Discussions and Corrections, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode, http://www.arabidopsis.org/portals/expression/microarray/ATGenExpr ess.jsp, http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/webtools/Venn/, http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/webtools/plantcare/html/, Cis-Acting Regulatory Element Analysis (CAREs Analysis), Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes, Identification of Cares in the Promoter Site of Transcription Factors, part of a conserved DNA module involved in light responsiveness, cis-regulatory element involved in endosperm expression, MYB binding site involved in drought-inducibility, core promoter element around -30 of transcription start. , i.e to lowering SWC treatments ( P < 0.05 ) and no vegetative propagation had occurred at the the... 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On these drought and salinity stress-down-regulated gene accessions in shoot Tissue were differentially expressed three drying-down experiments families which!
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