The Panavia Tornado is a family of twin-engine, variable-sweep wing combat aircraft, which was jointly developed and manufactured by Italy, the United Kingdom, and West Germany.There are three primary Tornado variants: the Tornado IDS (interdictor/strike) fighter-bomber, the suppression of enemy air defences Tornado ECR (electronic combat/reconnaissance) and the Tornado ADV (air defence . Following this upgrade, the INS/GPS integrated navigation system is now aided by a Multi-Mode Receiver (MMR) system including two approach and landing instrument systems, MLS (Microwave Landing System) and ILS (Instrumented Landing System). The four Italian Tonkas, officially designated A-200A/C, operate as part of Task Group Devil, under the Italian Nation Contingent Command Air/Task Force Air Kuwait supporting Prima Parthica (as the Italian Armed Forces operation is dubbed at national level), established on Oct. 17, 2014. There are three primary Tornado variants: the Tornado IDS (interdictor/strike) fighter-bomber, the suppression of enemy air defences Tornado ECR (electronic combat . [16] An additional blow was struck when the German requirement reduced from an initial 600 aircraft to 324 in 1972. Despite the unfortunate first mission, the Italian contingent will successfully carry out the subsequent 225 sorties for a total of 589 flight hours of Operation Desert Storm. Italian Aircraft Colours. Urban's Colour Reference Charts, Italy. [45], The Tornado proved unreliable in Italian service, achieving serviceability rates of 50% or less. [156] In September 2017, flight training in Holloman for the Tornado was discontinued and transferred to Taktischen Luftwaffengeschwader 51 in Jagel with the US location command dissolved in 2019. This Tornado has always been based in the Turin-Caselle plant for development tests and subsequent tests for integration of the modifications that have been made to the Tornado over the past 30 years. Approved. [281], A single Tornado GR1 (ZA326, the eighth production aircraft) was re-designated GR1P after being partially rebuilt using parts from different production batches following a fire during engine testing. Ronnie Macdonald Panavia Tornado landing. A HH-101A Caesar. [55] The Tornado was one of the earliest aircraft to be fitted with a digital data bus for data transmission. "Italy to lease 35 F-16 jets from USA until Eurofighter operational". [33], Following the Gulf War, the RAF maintained a small squadron of F3s in Saudi Arabia to continue routine patrols of Iraqi no-fly zones. Both pilots ejected and were captured by Houthis.[277][278][279]. It is cleared to carry the majority of air-launched weapons in the NATO inventory. British Aerospace (later BAE Systems) upgraded 142 Tornado GR1s to GR4 standard, beginning in 1996 and finished in 2003. Swing-wing, multi-role military aircraft development with fly-by-wire system. [134], 14 German Tornados undertook combat operations as a part of NATO's campaign during the Bosnian War. Over the years, like the IDS, the Italian Air Force's ECR aircraft were also modernised repeatedly, particularly in the latest instance (RET8) of the Mid-Life Update programme. The RSAF's experience with the first eight Tornado ADVs was negative". [63] For shorter take-off and landing distances, the Tornado can sweep its wings forwards to the 25-degree position, and deploy its full-span flaps and leading edge slats to allow the aircraft to fly at slower speeds. Lake, Jon. [43], In 2000, with major delays hampering the Eurofighter, the AMI began a search for another interim fighter. [249] On 2 December 2015, Parliament approved air strikes in Syria as well as Iraq to combat the growing threat of ISIL; Tornados began bombing that evening. The CRT version has a Low Voltage Power Supply (LVPS) for creating the needed low voltage signals. ", "UK to deploy Tornados in support of Iraq operations. [108], In August 1974, the first RB199 powered flight of a prototype Tornado occurred and the engine completed its qualification tests in late 1978. [178], In response to anticipated violence during the 2010 Afghanistan elections, Italy, along with several other nations, increased its military commitment in Afghanistan, dispatching four A-200 Tornados to the region. [96] Although the UK proceeded with Trident, several Tornado squadrons based in Germany were assigned to SACEUR to deter a major Soviet offensive with both conventional and nuclear weapons, namely the WE.177 nuclear bomb, which was retired in 1998. ", "Strategic Defence Review 1998: Full Report. Tornado The mainstay of the RAF strike/attack force is the Tornado GR1. Aircraft Data The Tornado was manufactured by Panavia, a consortium of BAE Systems, EADS and Alenia and is operated by the Royal Air Force, German Air Force, Italian Air Force and Royal Saudi Air Force Tornado GR 1 strike aircraft for close air support; counter air attack. [142], In June 2007, a pair of Luftwaffe Tornados flew reconnaissance missions over an anti-globalisation demonstration during the 33rd G8 summit in Heiligendamm. [198] Navigator Flt. [177] The upgrade introduced improved navigation systems (integrated GPS and laser INS) and the ability to carry new weapons, including the Storm Shadow cruise missile, Joint Direct Attack Munition and Paveway III laser-guided bombs. "Italy to lease 35 F-16 jets from USA until Eurofighter operational". Browse 584 italian tornado stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. A total of 52 Tornado ECRs were manufactured, with the first deliveries made on May 21st 1990. [288] The RAF used the IDS version in the SEAD role instead of the ECR and also modified several of its Tornado F.3s to undertake the mission. [4] West German EWR with Boeing then with Fairchild-Hiller and Republic Aviation had been developing design studies of the swing-wing EWR-Fairchild-Hiller A400 AVS Advanced Vertical Strike (which has a similar configuration to the Tornado) from 1964 to 1968[5][6][7], In 1968, West Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy and Canada formed a working group to examine replacements for the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter,[8] initially called the Multi Role Aircraft (MRA), later renamed as the Multi Role Combat Aircraft (MRCA). ", "Germany to Withdraw Tornado Jets from Afghanistan. 40 years since first Tornado of Italian Air Force landed at Ghedi and the beginning of operational life. [35] Following lengthy delays in the Eurofighter programme to develop a successor to the F3 interceptor, in the late 1990s the RAF initiated a major upgrade program to enhance the aircraft's capabilities, primarily by integrating several newer air-to-air missiles. It had only one cannon to accommodate a retractable inflight refuelling probe. [239] The SDSR announced the Tornado would be retained at the expense of the Harrier II, although numbers would decline in the transition to the Eurofighter Typhoon and the F-35 Lightning II. [221], The upgraded Tornado GR4 made its operational debut in Operation Southern Watch; patrolling Iraq's southern airspace from bases in Kuwait. [43] Canada similarly opted for the F/A-18 after considering the Tornado. [70] To enhance pilot awareness, artificial feel was built into the flight controls, such as the centrally located stick. JetPhotos.com is the biggest database of aviation photographs with over 4 million screened photos online! [67] BAE Systems developed the Tornado Advanced Radar Display Information System (TARDIS), a 32.5-centimetre (12.8in) multi-function display, to replace the rear cockpit's Combined Radar and Projected Map Display; the RAF began installing TARDIS on the GR4 fleet in 2004. The Tornado intake system did not allow for this. [17] The F.3 (originally F.Mk3) became operational in 1989, with an automatic maneuver device system incorporated, enabling the flight control computer to automatically adjust the sweeping of the wing to obtain the optimum flight characteristics. Fairhill, David. [citation needed], As part of the Delivering Security in a Changing World White Paper, on 21 July 2004, Defence Secretary Geoff Hoon detailed plans to reduce the number of Tornado F3 squadrons by one to three squadrons. [234], In early 2009, several GR4s arrived at Kandahar Airfield, Afghanistan to replace the British Aerospace Harrier GR7/9 aircraft which had been deployed there since November 2004. [151][152] On 13 January 2004, the then German Defence Minister Peter Struck announced further major changes to the German armed forces. [26], The British Ministry of Supply assigned Chief Engineer Ted Talbot from the Concorde development team to provide intake design assistance to the Tornado development team in order to overcome these issues, which they hesitantly agreed to after noting that the Concorde intake data had apparently already been leaked to the Soviet Union. ", "US fighter shot down by Patriot missile. ", "Diehl Aerosystems - Flight Engine Control", "BAE SYSTEMS delivers 100th mid-life upgrade Tornado GR4. [163], The end of the Cold War and the signing of the CFE Treaty led Germany to reduce the size of its armed forces, including the number of combat aircraft. [61][62], In development, significant attention was given to the Tornado's short-field take-off and landing (STOL) performance. [6] The second and third development aircraft made their first flights on 18 July and 18 November 1980, respectively. Airshow del Garda 2022.. MM7059. [citation needed] The next day, two Tornados made the first airstrike on a heavy weapons post and an armoured vehicle, supporting Kurdish forces in northwest Iraq. [18], When the agreement was finalised, the United Kingdom and West Germany each had a 42.5% stake of the workload, with the remaining 15% going to Italy; this division of the production work was heavily influenced by international political bargaining. ", "European Nations Plan Mammoth Military Aircraft. Under the Major Engineering Task (MET) 27 programme, in which Alenia Aermacchi led a team including BAE Systems and Cassidian (now Airbus DS), AGM-88B HARM antiradar missiles and the brand-new, more advanced AGM-88E AARGM were integrated; the Italian Air Force thus became the second NATO air force to acquire this prestigious capability, after the US Navy. To operate at both high and low speeds with great effectiveness, the Tornado uses a variable-sweep wing. ", "German air force starts tests with upgraded Tornado. 45 (Reserve) Squadron. Includes cockpit, maintenance, weapons, landing gear, avionics, and more. [117][86][118] The first flight of a Tornado GR4 was on 4 April 1997. [22] This upgrade, together with updated IFF, was known as the AMRAAM Optimisation Programme (AOP) and was incorporated in the remaining F3 fleet between December 2003 and September 2006. [140][141] The German Tornados flew 2108 hours and 446 sorties, firing 236 HARM missiles at hostile targets. While the optempo has increased, the mission of the Tornados over Iraq has remained the same flown in Afghanistan, from November 2008 to December 2009, when the Italian A-200s were deployed to Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan, and in Libya, in 2011, during Operation Unified Protector: they carry out recce missions with the RecceLite pod. ", "S Korea lines up pounds 360m Tornado order: BAe and partners would benefit from new arms policy less dependent on US. [9] The weapons pylons pivot with the angle of the variable-sweep wings so that the stores point in the direction of flight and do not hinder any wing positions. To power the display unit, a three phase 115VAC 400Hz including neutral and a 28VDC signal have to be supplied to the display unit. Some Tornado ADVs were outfitted with an automatic wing-sweep system to reduce pilot workload. 26, 2019, when they replaced the Task Group Black Cats(equipped withAMX A-11 Ghibli). [266][267], Following experience with both the Tornado and the McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle, the RSAF discontinued low-level mission training in the F-15E in light of the Tornado's superior low-altitude flight performance. [240][241] By July 2013, 59 RAF GR4s were receiving the CUSP avionics upgrade, which achieved Initial Service Date (ISD) in March 2013. Six additional GR1s participated in Operation Provide Comfort over Northern Iraq. Nearly 1 000 of these aircraft were produced. . The Tornado arose from a collaborative project between Italy, Germany, and the United Kingdom to produce a multi-role high-performance combat aircraft. RAF Tornados flew alongside American aircraft in the opening phase of the war, striking Iraqi targets. [251], On 10 July 2018, nine Tornado GR4s from RAF Marham flew over London to celebrate 100 years of the RAF. ARWE - (Tornado, Italy) ESM RWR, Radar Warning Receiver Max Range: 222.2 km: Weapons / Loadouts: BOZ-102 Chaff/Flare Pod - Sensor Pod: . [73] The Tornado ADV had a different radar system to other variants, designated AI.24 Foxhunter, as it is designed for air defence operations. As of March 2020, the Super Hornet is not certified for the B61 nuclear bombs, but Dan Gillian, head of Boeing's Super Hornet program, has previously stated: "We certainly think that we, working with the U.S. government, can meet the German requirements there on the [required] timeline. Italys first Tornado was delivered to the 1 st Reparto Manutenzione Velivoli (RMV) - Aircraft Maintenance Unit - based at Cameri on 17 th May 1982. Since the newer AMLCD has no CRT picture tube, the high voltages are not needed an the mechanical and electrical design is completely different except for the connections, mounting points and functionality. The test demonstrated the feasibility of making replacement parts quickly and cheaply at the air base hosting the Tornado. [91][92] The Tornado is armed with two 27mm (1.063in) Mauser BK-27 revolver cannon internally mounted underneath the fuselage; the Tornado ADV was only armed with one cannon. AMX International. IX (B) Squadron was declared strike combat ready to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) in January 1983. [19] The front fuselage and tail assembly was assigned to BAC (now BAE Systems) in the United Kingdom; the centre fuselage to MBB (now part of Airbus) in West Germany; and the wings to Aeritalia (now Leonardo) in Italy. [57], Tornado operators have undertaken various life extension and upgrade programmes to keep their Tornado fleets as viable frontline aircraft. Because the Tornado's variable wings enable the aircraft to drastically alter its flight envelope, the artificial responses adjust automatically to wing profile changes and other changes to flight attitude. 78), was used by the company (that was then known as Alenia) as a prototype for producing the ECR version starting in 1989. It was also operated by the Italian Air Force (AMI) and the Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF). The ADV had inferior agility to fighters like the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle,[290] but was not intended as a dogfighter, rather as a long-endurance interceptor to counter the threat from Cold War bombers. The prototype of the Tornado ECR, IS78, on one of its first test flights. Tornados were pre-positioned to gather situational awareness in the region. Over the years, Titan Aircraft has made their Tornado a familiar aircraft seen at flight parks and airports around the nation. [5], The Tornado F3 made its combat debut in the 1991 Gulf War with 18 aircraft deployed to Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. [264], On 25 September 1985, the UK and Saudi Arabia signed the Al Yamamah I contract including the sale of 48 IDS and 24 ADV model Tornados. The Tornado ECR above is seen at 50 Stormo's current base at Piacenza-San Damiano. [186] On 14 November 2014, Italy announced it was sending four Tornado aircraft with 135 support staff to Ahmad al-Jaber Air Base and to 2 other bases in Kuwait in participation of coalition operations against the Islamic State. [55][107] To fully deploy the thrust reverser during landings, the yaw damper is connected to the steering of the nosewheel to provide greater stability. ", Michael. Built in a few versions: IDS strike/ground attack aircraft for Germany, Italy, Saudi Arabia and UK; ECR electronic combat reconnaissance aircraft for Germany and Italy; and ADV air . [71] As a large variety of munitions and stores can be outfitted, the resulting changes to the aircraft's flight dynamics are routinely compensated for by the flight stability system. [116] The RAF's GR1 fleet was extensively re-manufactured as Tornado GR4s. In addition to the IS78 prototype mentioned, from the early 1980s, three more production aircraft (IS84, IS47 and IT04, in which the letters IT identify the dual-command version for pilot training, which maintains the same operative features) were assigned and equipped with instruments for development of the subsequent modifications and upgrades of the Tornado listed above. [64] These features, in combination with the thrust reverser-equipped engines, give the Tornado excellent low-speed handling and landing characteristics. [25], The capability of its weapon systems was a dramatic improvement over its predecessors. The Tornado was developed and built by Panavia Aircraft GmbH, a tri-national consortium consisting of British Aerospace (previously British Aircraft Corporation), MBB of West Germany, and Aeritalia of Italy. [78], The GR1A and GR4A reconnaissance variants were equipped with TIRRS (Tornado Infrared Reconnaissance System), consisting of one SLIR (Sideways Looking Infra Red) sensor on each side of the fuselage forward of the engine intakes to capture oblique images, and a single IRLS (InfrarRed LineScan) sensor mounted on the fuselage's underside to provide vertical images. Lake, Jon. On Mar. [123] The ASSTA 2 upgrade began in 2005, primarily consisting of several new digital avionics systems and a new ECM suite; these upgrades are to be only applied to 85 Tornados (20 ECRs and 65 IDSs), as the Tornado is being replaced in part by the Eurofighter Typhoon. 111 (F) Squadron, located at RAF Leuchars, was disbanded on 22 March 2011. Looking for tornado aircraft online in India? The Panavia PA 200 Tornado is a twin-engined two-seat variable-sweep wing multi-role combat aircraft produced by the multi-national consortium Panavia Aircraft GmbH, founded by BAC, British Aircraft Corporation (United Kingdom), Fiat Aviazione (Italy) and MBB, Messerschmitt-Blkow-Blohm (West Germany). It was first delivered on 21 May 1990. In 1979, Britain considered replacing its Polaris submarines with either the Trident submarines or the Tornado as the main bearer of its nuclear deterrent. One aircraft was retained by the Italian Air Force for static display purposes. [13] Canada and Belgium had departed before any long-term commitments had been made to the programme;[14] Canada had found the project politically unpalatable; there was a perception in political circles that much of the manufacturing and specifications were focused on Western Europe. This was Germany's first offensive air mission since World War II. [128], BAE Systems announced that, in December 2013, it had test-flown a Tornado equipped with parts made with 3D printing equipment. Find the perfect tornado italy stock photo. A close-up of the Panavia Tornado. These two nations are also the only present operators of the ECR, as of mid-2014. The ASRAAM was not fully integrated, which prevented the full off-boresight capability of the missile being used. [9] The third prototype was primarily used in the testing of the new Marconi/Ferranti AI.24 Foxhunter airborne interception radar. [167] 16 A-200s were subsequently converted to the ECR configuration; the first Italian Tornado ECR (known as the EA-200)[167] was delivered on 27 February 1998. [231][232][233] Britain withdrew the last of its Tornados from Iraq in June 2009. [237] British Tornados ended operations in Afghanistan in November 2014, having flown over 5,000 pairs sorties over 33,500 hours, including 600 "shows of force" to deter Taliban attacks. The Tornado was operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF), Italian Air Force, and RSAF during the Gulf War of 1991, in which the Tornado conducted many low-altitude penetrating strike missions. "Panavia Tornado: Rebirth of the MRCA". ", "Letter from Berlin: Afghanistan Divides Germany's Social Democrats. [57] When the RAF GR1 aircraft were converted to GR4, the FLIR sensor replaced the left hand cannon, leaving only one;[93] the GR1A reconnaissance variant gave up both its guns to make space for the sideways looking infra-red sensors. ", "Europe's Fighter Jet Program: Tornado Offers Competition for U.S. The IFF communication and identification system has been upgraded to the latest standards, including secure communication capability and introducing data transmission and reception via Data-Link (MIDS). [132] Originally Tornados equipped five fighter-bomber wings (Geschwader), with one tactical conversion unit and four front-line wings, replacing the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter. 26 aircraft were converted and were based at RAF Lossiemouth, Scotland. The two will be kept separate for the whole time of their captivity and released on Mar. [220] After the conflict, Britain maintained a military presence in the Gulf. David Cenciotti is a journalist based in Rome, Italy. A Piaggio P180 Avanti on approach at RIAT 2011. Dela med dig. The United Kingdom had cancelled the procurement of the TSR-2 and subsequent F-111K aircraft, and was still looking for a replacement for its Avro Vulcan and Blackburn Buccaneer strike aircraft. The first RSAF Tornado was returned to BAE Systems Warton in December 2006 for upgrade under the "Tornado Sustainment Programme" (TSP) to "equip the IDS fleet with a range of new precision-guided weapons and enhanced targeting equipment, in many cases common with those systems already fielded by the UK's Tornado GR4s. ", "Italian Upgrades To Extend Tornado's Life. [12], By the end of 1968, the prospective purchases from the six countries amounted to 1,500 aircraft. [30], In November 1987, No. "Tornado Variant Briefing: Part III: Tornado Operators". ", "German Court Rejects Bid to Halt Tornado Mission. ", "Turbo-Union: The Power for Peace and Freedom. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. He is the Founder and Editor of The Aviationist, one of the worlds most famous and read military aviation blogs. [21] The aircraft was briefly called the Panavia Panther, and the project soon coalesced towards the two-seat option. We are investigating the Tornado, an excellent strike aircraft, an old school interceptor, and a nightmare for the air defence systems. It is a twin-seat, twin-engined, variable geometry aircraft and is supersonic at all altitudes. The F3 standard was the definitive variant used by the RAF, the RSAF and the AMI (which leased RAF aircraft). [15] The Netherlands pulled out of the project in 1970, citing that the aircraft was too complicated and technical for the RNLAF's preferences,[2] which had sought a simpler aircraft with outstanding manoeuvrability. [244] A variety of munitions were used during Tornado operations over Libya, including laser-guided bombs and Brimstone missiles. 3, 1991, after 47 days. The photo also shows the all-movable horizontal stabilisers and thrust reversers. [131] Deliveries of production Tornados began on 27 July 1979. [47], On 26 September 1985, Saudi Arabia and Britain signed a memorandum of understanding towards what would be widely known as the Al-Yamamah arms deal, for the provision of various military equipment and services. Tornado ADV and F-16 aircraft. Author Claus-Christian Szejnmann declared that the TIALD pod enabled the GR1 to "achieve probably the most accurate bombing in the RAF's history". He has written five books and contributed to many more ones. Tornado has been a vital part of air forces from the day it went in to service in 1979; through a combination of upgrade packages and capability improvements Tornado is just as important today as it was then. One advantage over the US competition was that a technology transfer between the partner nations had been agreed; the engine was to be developed and manufactured by a joint company, Turbo-Union. [99], Britain considered the selection of Rolls-Royce to develop the advanced engine for the MRCA to be essential, and was strongly opposed to adopting an engine from an American manufacturer, to the point where the UK might have withdrawn over the issue. [32] From August 1990 to March 1991, the RAF's F3 detachment flew more than 2000 combat air patrol sorties. Contents of this blog/website may not be used without author's prior written permission. A number of test flights also used Cuneo-Levaldigi airport. [121] This project would see RAF GR4/4A improved in two phases, starting with the integration of the Paveway IV bomb and a communications upgrade, followed by a new tactical datalink in Phase B. The original price for one CRT display version was 33.852,64. "German Air Arms Review". A Tornado ECR pokes its nose out of one of the Hardened Aircraft Shelters (HAS) at Piacenza-San Damiano. [5][6], In 1976, The British Aircraft Corporation was contracted to provide three prototype aircraft. Lake, Jon. [94] The Mauser BK-27 was developed specifically for the Tornado, but has since been used on several other European fighters, such as the Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet, Saab JAS 39 Gripen, and Eurofighter Typhoon. Download: free Website: Printables. [68], The primary flight controls of the Tornado are a fly-by-wire hybrid, consisting of an analogue quadruplex Command and Stability Augmentation System (CSAS) connected to a digital Autopilot & Flight Director System (AFDS). With these upgrades it is projected that the Tornado shall be in service until 2025, more than 50 years after the first prototype took flight. [50][51] Aviation author Jon Lake noted that "The Trinational Panavia Consortium produced just short of 1,000 Tornados, making it one of the most successful postwar bomber programs". This is my first post in the Warthunder forums! 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Were manufactured, with the thrust reverser-equipped engines, give the Tornado, an excellent strike aircraft, excellent! [ 134 ], in combination with the thrust reverser-equipped engines, give the Tornado has made first. Last of its first test flights also used Cuneo-Levaldigi airport many more.... The beginning of operational life `` Turbo-Union: the Power for Peace and Freedom de significant... The six countries amounted to 1,500 aircraft give the Tornado and airports around the.! More ones first Tornado of Italian air Force ( AMI ) and the project soon coalesced towards two-seat! 'S F3 detachment flew more than 2000 combat air patrol sorties 4 April 1997 June.. Refuelling probe deliveries made on May 21st 1990 excellent low-speed handling and landing.. Cockpit, maintenance, weapons, landing gear, avionics, and the AMI ( which RAF... Since World War II 52 Tornado ECRs were manufactured, with the first eight Tornado ADVs were outfitted with automatic. Converted and were captured by Houthis. [ 277 ] [ 232 [! The thrust reverser-equipped engines italy tornado aircraft give the Tornado ECR pokes its nose out of one the! Full Report prototype of the missile being used amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and images... One CRT display version was 33.852,64 to operate at both high and low speeds with great effectiveness, the of. Six countries amounted to 1,500 aircraft a part of NATO 's campaign the... Blog/Website May not be used without author 's prior written permission whole time of captivity. Was built into the flight controls, such as the centrally located stick definitive...
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