The control and mitigation measures in earthquake prone regions include hazard reduction programmes, development of critical facilities and proper land use planning. Many fisheries management bodies do not heed scientific advice on fish quotas and set catch limits above the recommended maximum amount. Tap here to review the details. The government has been ambitious with this project of diverting excess water from overflowing rivers to rivers in non-perennial regions, in order to solve the problems of flood and water shortage. The point on the earth surface above the focus is called the epicenter. A Permanent Indus Commission solves disputes arising over water sharing. Critical groundwater resources, which accounted for 40% of Indias water supply, are being depleted at unsustainable rates.Twenty-one cities, including Delhi, Bengaluru, Chennai and Hyderabad will run out of groundwater by 2020, affecting 100 million people. Precipitation: Monsoon is associated with high precipitation. Sometimes, civil and police administrative machineries are also put to test in these cities. When fast moving marine species flee from the dead zones and occupy a new habitat, they cause overcrowding of their new habitats and affect the ecosystem services over there. With the principal goal to understanding the origin and evolution of Jupiter, the Juno spacecraft (NASA) was launched in 2011. Development of small water harvesting structures such as low-cost farm ponds, check-dams under watershed management programmes also augments percolation & ground water recharge rates. Explain. Mostly such disasters cause injuries, diseases and casualties where they occur. You can read the details below. Establishment of earthquake regulatory agencies for fast relief. Dedicated construction of residential areas, public utilities, production units, schools, and hospitals. Deccan Trap is a large region of thick basaltic rock located in west-central India and associated with one of the largest volcanic eruptions in the history of the earth. Thus, temperatures in the stratosphere generally rise with elevation (opposite in case of troposphere). The mountains form a rain cover over the eastern plains of Argentina, which have extremely dry weather. The slides in the Himalayas region are huge and massive and in most cases the overburden along with the underlying lithology is displaced during sliding particularly due to the seismic factor. Solar energy is a renewable source of energy that is sustainable and inexhaustible, unlike fossil fuels. It provides environmentally friendly shipping. ResearchGate is a network dedicated to science and research. PG Guide-Dr.Sarita Wadhva1. Micro-watershed development projects involve regional planning at village and other micro levels to manage and improve water use efficiency that indirectly enhances agricultural productivity and income of rural households. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The detailed teaching notes typically include a case study summary, teaching objectives, information about the intended audience and how the case may be taught, and a list of references and resources. Along with climate change, that has resulted in such unexpected monsoon spills, the other reasons that can be attributed to it are: To prevent such flooding of cities, following measures need to be taken: Apart from above measures, robust implementation of Sendai framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-30,effective utilization of government schemes like AMRUT, Smart Cities and further impetus on Coastal Zone Management and Regulation should be undertaken to deal with such challenges. Water pollution, unscientific management of aquaculture and over exploitation of coastal fisheries along with problems in harvest and post-harvest operation; lack of landing and berthing facilities for fishing vessels. These forest resources in India despite being under protection laws suffer as open access resources. Around 200,000 people had to be evacuated and resettled. A clean and safe physical environment. It transports oxygen downward which is much needed by the marine organisms. 7. Aims and objectives of disaster management. The narrow conduits of deep-mantle material rise through the solid mantle before spreading out laterally in the upper asthenosphere. Important minerals used for the generation of nuclear energy are uranium and thorium. Thistranslates to change in wind pattern and precipitation levels. The decision to abrogate the treaty would make other smaller neighbours uneasy. Landslides may be typed as mudflow where there is down-slope movement of soil and debris flow, which is the down-slope movement of coarse material and rocks. Alongside, localsolutions(like better irrigation practice) and watershed management should be focused on. India has majorly been an exporter of raw materials and an importer of finished products made out of those raw materials. These pieces are called tectonic plates. Innovative management practices like crop demonstrations for popularizing new crops/varieties that are less water dependent and are well suited to the agro-climatic conditions of the region. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Forest-based industries and Tribal Products are being encouraged in different states because of its ability to solve the problem of unemployment and poverty. Urban flooding has become a common occurrence these days in India. Specifically, since the industrial revolution, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions have raised temperatures, even higher in the poles, and as a result, glaciers are rapidly melting, calving off into the sea and retreating on land. In fact, depending upon tank size and climate, rainwater harvesting can reduce main water use by 100%. Most metro cities in India are water starved but not rain starved. Oceanic salinity varies significantly due to the free movement of ocean water and its distribution has two aspects: 14. There are many technological platforms involved, including but not limited to automated sensor networks and data centres. Sustainable construction is a great way to stay in tune. Philippine already has gone to Permanent Court of Arbitration against China and the court verdict is in favour of its claim. This also results in building collapse. With increase in population, the pressure on forest resources have increased. This results in the sliding of earth and rock masses down the hill slopes. 2. Tropical air masses form in low-latitude areas and are moderately warm. Nuclear energy has emerged as a viable source in recent times. Similarly, farmers in Maharashtra cultivate sugarcane because they are assured of marketing. Volcanoes have also caused global warming over millions of years during times in Earths history when extreme amounts of volcanism occurred, releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Surface ocean currents also modify the weather conditions of the coastal areas. They balance out other parts of the world that absorb heat. It also revolutionizes the shipping industry by facilitating efficient transportation. What characteristics can be assigned to monsoon climate that succeeds in feeding more than 50 percent of the world population residing in Monsoon Asia? For example, the upwelling of nutrient rich cold water off the coast of Peru has made the region one of the richest fishing grounds. Click here to review the details. Major reserves occur in Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhatisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Goa and Uttar Pradesh. Discuss the geophysical characteristics of Circum-Pacific Zone. (2017). Monotonous cropping pattern reduces the rejuvenation capacity of the soil and the accelerated application of the synthetic fertilizer further reduces the capacity of the soil and residue fertilizer prevails various illnesses in the society. Rising seas endanger coastal cities and small island nations by exacerbating coastal flooding and storm surge. 16. Industrial Corridors (ICs) are stretches across the country allocated to a specific geographical area with the intent to stimulate industrial development. The mountain ranges of the world provide essential ecosystem-based services to global communities as well as inspiration and enjoyment to millions. They serve as breeding, feeding and nursery grounds for fisheries and provide timber and wood for fuel. In the Himalayan areas, cloud burst events, especially during monsoon season,result in flash floods. Widespread damage in the form of uprooted trees, blown-off roof tops, standing crops, injuries and death to humans and animals. Treating vulnerable slopes and existing hazardous landslides. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. Petroleum is not distributed evenly around the world. Its the territory where a vast number of gas, petroleum and mineral resources are preserved, hence SCS attains strategic place as energy store house, important for both developed and developing countries. Destruction of wetlands in and around cities which act as natural absorbers of excess runoff during monsoons. As can be seen from the above arguments, desertification and its impacts are not restricted to certain climatic boundaries. How do ocean currents and water masses differ in their impacts on marine life and coastal environment? However, the North-West India showcases a better-developed agro-based food processing industry. India should cash on its huge inland river network by addressing the above problems to save huge energy, time and environment costs (pollution)which it incurs on transport through road and rail network. Though the lives lost in floods may not be as high as in case of earthquakes or cyclones, the damage to the environment is immense. This will significantly impact not only ocean circulation but also the climate in which we live. Proper training of personnel working in the hazardous industries. For example, in rivers like Narmada and Tapti. We've updated our privacy policy. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". 3. Sea level rise may lead to increases in sedimentation for reefs located near land-based sources of sediment. i. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. NATURAL HAZARDS, Such disasters affect both local population and may even cover a much larger area. 6. The magnitude of the disasters can be judged by the fact that only during the past two decades, occurrences of floods, earthquakes, landslides, cyclones, etc. By uplifting the districts which have shown relatively lesser progress in achieving key social outcome, India can move ahead in the Human Development Index which will promote inclusive development through transformative governance. In discovering Jupiter, well be discovering a part of ourselves. Installation of early warning systems in the coastal areas. How can it be made effective in urban areas? The region is affected by frequent droughts, which have been particularly severe in recent years in the Horn of Africa and the Sahel. This pattern of concentrated heavy rainfall in summer is a characteristic feature of the Tropical Monsoon climate. Other measures like renovation and augmentation of water resources, desiltation of tanks for drinking water/irrigation also improves water availability in the region. Floods cause the spread of many epidemic diseases. (2018). Many significant fishing grounds of the world are developed in these areas. Injuries and death to humans and animals. The Bhopal gas tragedy occurred due to leakage of methyl isocyanide (MIC) gas from the factory of Union Carbide of India Ltd. MIC gas is used as an ingredient in pesticides. Countries like Japan, parts of Southeast Asia, Turkey, Iran, Mexico, etc. Crowding and Depersonalisation; 3. 5. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. This result in internal changes of the snow pack, producing zones of weakness along which fissure occurs. To deter India from employing its water leverage, the anxiety of Chinese retaliation has been invented. Since present day urbanization has resulted both in shrinking of open spaces and very minimal area remaining unpaved, so small structures like recharge pit, recharge trenches, dug wells, recharge shafts, and percolation tanks should be built to capture the runoff and inject rainwater into the soil during rains. Ever since it came into existence 4.6 billion years ago, the earth has been a dynamic, evolving system. Due to this, almost 78% of the forest area issubjected to heavy grazing and other unregulated uses. From the tropical areas, salinity decreases both towards the equator and towards the poles. 13. E.g., Isthmus of Suez, connecting Africa and Asia. Some of the systems and practices of disaster management improved and enhance continuously to deal with a permanent threat. For better effectiveness of water harvesting in urban areas, existing water bodies should be protected and revived without allowing any further construction in them in future. Some common natural disasters are earthquakes, landslides floods, droughts, cyclones, etc. However, according to western estimates, 2000 people were killed. 3,784 are natural environmental hazards of disastrous consequences. Epidemic diseases must be controlled through spraying, vaccination, etc. Disaster management team to be put in place to chalk out pre and post disaster responses to minimize losses due to such eventualities. Indian cities like Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai are being continuously deluged by the floods, throwing the amenities of urban life to question. However, more than 35% of the worlds mangroves are already depleted. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. 6. How does the cryosphere affect global climate? 4. Salinity is relatively low near the equator (about 35 o/oo, in. India has the potential of about 60 GW of wind. California voters have now received their mail ballots, and the November 8 general election has entered its final stage. 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