It is located halfway between the Musandam peninsula and the rest of Oman in the Emirate of Sharjah. [50], During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the pearling industry thrived, providing both income and employment to the people of the Persian Gulf. [70] The Swiss government announced that it was freezing millions of dollars held in bank accounts by his family. Example of national military development include the Abu Dhabi Shipbuilding company (ADSB), which produces a range of ships and is a prime contractor in the Baynunah Programme, a programme to design, develop and produce corvettes customised for operation in the shallow waters of the Persian Gulf. The delegation was led by Benjamin Bounkoulou, who described the election as "free and fair". (1994). [citation needed], In 1999, Ben Ali became the first Tunisian president to actually face an opponent after the 30-signature requirement was lifted a few months earlier. It was a critical element in the fight against terrorism. The ministry plans to add three hospitals to the current 14, and 29 primary healthcare centres to the current 86. [99] The desert area of Abu Dhabi includes two important oases with adequate underground water for permanent settlements and cultivation. [280], The UAE's media is annually classified as "not free" in the Freedom of the Press report by Freedom House. The Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC, later to become British Petroleum, or BP) had a 23.75% share in IPC. The Musandam Peninsula, the very tip of Arabia by the Strait of Hormuz, and Madha are exclaves of Oman separated by the UAE. The GII 2018 analysed the energy innovation landscape of the next decade and identifies possible breakthroughs in fields such as energy production, storage, distribution, and consumption. Dubai is the top tourism destination in the Middle East. Moreover, the country has made continuous and convincing improvements to its regulatory environment[286] and is ranked as the 26th best nation in the world for doing business by the Doing Business 2017 Report published by the World Bank Group. [76][77][78] Mindful of the protests in nearby Bahrain, in November 2012 the UAE outlawed online mockery of its own government or attempts to organise public protests through social media. } [68], On 26 January 2011, the Tunisian government issued an international arrest warrant for Ben Ali, accusing him of taking money out of the nation illegally and illegally acquiring real estate and other assets abroad, Justice Minister Lazhar Karoui Chebbi said. [48][49], Committed to fighting poverty at home, Ben Ali instituted reforms, including the National Solidarity Fund, which slashed the Tunisian poverty rate from 7.4% in 1990 to an estimated 3.8% in 2005. The synagogue also welcomes visitors. The most famous Emirati writers were Mubarak Al Oqaili (18801954), Salem bin Ali al Owais (18871959) and Ahmed bin Sulayem (19051976). [316] Dubai's economy depends more on international trade and tourism, and is more open to visitors, while Abu Dhabi society is more domestic as the city's economy is focused on fossil fuel extraction. [32] However, at this and subsequent elections, opposition parties never accounted for more than 24 percent of the seats in the Chamber of Deputies. [258][259][260][261][262][263] According to some organizations, more than 4,000 Shia expatriates have been deported from the UAE in recent years. The non-oil trade has grown to 1.2 trillion AED, a growth by around 28 times from 1981 to 2012. [205] This requirement is derived from the UAE's interpretation of Sharia, and has been federal law since 2005. The UAE leadership has driven forward economic diversification efforts already before the oil price crash in the 1980s, and the UAE is nowadays the most diversified economy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. He also held a diploma in electronics engineering from a local university. All in the family: Leadership changes in the Gulf. [206], The UAE Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation, Abdullah bin Zayed, announced in 2019 the design and construction plan of the Abrahamic Family House, which will serve as an interfaith complex that houses a synagogue, mosque, and a church on Saadiyat Island in Abu Dhabi.[378]. Germany (4,17), Canada (9,15), Australia (13,9), Netherlands (18,12), and Switzerland (20,3) are in the top 12, No. Videos are available in English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish. Economic Development in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: From Rentier States to Diversified Economies. For many years, the press had been expected to practice self-censorship, but this increasingly gave way to official censorship. It leads worldwide in entrepreneurship policies and culture, and has made notable improvements in Innovation linkages and in Intangible assets, performing well in indicators such as finance for startups and scale-ups, and corporate intangible asset intensity. [174] In 2014, an expatriate in Abu Dhabi was sentenced to 10 years in prison and 80 lashes after alcohol consumption and raping a toddler. Six of the emirates are situated along the Persian Gulf, and the seventh, Fujairah is on the eastern coast of the peninsula with direct access to the Gulf of Oman. The Islamic Republic of Iran (53) and Uzbekistan (82) follow. Latest News. Tunisia hosted the first-ever Palestinian American dialogue. Available at. The VC outlook for 2022 is more sober however; tightening monetary policies and the effect on risk capital will lead to a deceleration in VC. Can Europe Choreograph a Saudi-Iranian Dtente? And it provides free access to unique knowledge banks of IP information. [337] There are a number of international cricket venues in the UAE, which are frequently used for international tournaments and "neutral" bilateral series due to the local climate and Dubai's status as a transport hub. [369] Many Christians in the United Arab Emirates are of Asian, African, and European origin, along with fellow Middle Eastern countries such as Lebanon, Syria, and Egypt. This is why we need to pay more attention to not just investing in innovation, but how it translates into economic and social impact. in the global financial and economic crisis years 200809, and a couple of more mixed years starting in 2015 and persisting until 2019. The presidential plane was rumoured to be headed to France. The UAE's history of trade led to the emergence of Julfar, in the present-day emirate of Ras Al Khaimah, as a regional trading and maritime hub in the area. The International Spectator, 55(2), 92107. The Abraham accords: Immediate significance and long-term implications. [333] Recently robot jockeys have been introduced to overcome the problem of child camel jockeys which was an issue of human rights violations. [322] In Dubai, the area of Al Quoz has attracted a number of art galleries as well as museums such as the Salsali Private Museum. It is located at the eastern end of the Arabian Peninsula and shares borders with Oman and Saudi Arabia, while having maritime borders in the Persian Gulf with Qatar and Iran. The gold and jewellery will be redistributed to the people by the government. Microsofts Activision Blizzard deal is key to the companys mobile gaming efforts. [68][69] In February 1972, the Federal National Council (FNC) was created; it was a 40-member consultative body appointed by the seven rulers. [80][81][82][83][84] This resulted in a major economic downturn, which eventually led to the merger of more than 50% of the UAE's federal agencies. The spread of Islam to the North Eastern tip of the Arabian Peninsula is thought to have followed directly from a letter sent by the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, to the rulers of Oman in 630 CE, nine years after the hijrah. All associations have to be submitted to censorship guidelines and all publications have first to be approved by the government. Other changes in the top 20 would be Taiwan This growth is mainly due to the influx of foreign workers into the country, making the national population a minority. [49], In 1869, the Qubaisat tribe settled at Khawr al Udayd and tried to enlist the support of the Ottomans, whose flag was occasionally seen flying there. [73] The sentences were to take immediate effect, although Ben Ali and his wife were living in Saudi Arabia and the Saudi government ignored Tunisia's requests to extradite them. [286], As impressive as economic growth has been in the UAE, the total population has increased from just around 550,000 in 1975 to close to 10 million in 2018. Our Story. (Tunisian President Zinc el-Abidine Ben Ali's brother on trial in France)", "En Tunisie, une loi contre le cannabis et la jeunesse", "Two International Organizations Protest Ongoing Harassment of Tunisian Journalist | Human Rights Watch", Opposition leader who gave TV interview in Paris is beaten by police on his return, "EA WorldView Home Tunisia LiveBlog: Will Ben Ali's "Last Card" Be Trumped? [50] The National Solidarity Fund was part of a dual strategy to fight current and potential terrorism through economic assistance, development and the rule of law, but also increased opportunities for corruption and clientelism. The publication will help guide public and private sector actions to achieve innovation-driven growth by promoting and supporting science, technology and innovation policies in our country, Innovation-driven growth has enormous potential to solve the challenges that we face such as productivity, economic development and environmental sustainability. The GII 2019 analyzed the medical innovation landscape of the next decade, looking at how technological and non-technological medical innovation will transform the delivery of healthcare worldwide. One economy has been excluded for calculating PPP-Nominal as ppp figures are not available. [270], Migrant workers in the UAE are not allowed to join trade unions or go on strike. [135] The United Arab Emirates has strong ties with Bahrain,[136] China,[137] Egypt,[138] France,[139] India,[140] Jordan,[141] Pakistan,[142] Russia,[143] Saudi Arabia[144] and the United States. [115] According to human rights organizations, there are systematic human rights violations, including the torture and forced disappearance of government critics. [231][76] In another recent case, an 18-year Emirati girl withdrew her complaint of gang rape by six men when the prosecution threatened her with a long jail term and flogging. Population figures based on United Nations data. [300] It has been projected that the travel and tourism industry will contribute about 280.6 billion United Arab Emirati dirham to the UAE's GDP by 2028. Top list of private servers and source servers, search by criteria, ranking by votes and players online. stopVideo(v1); [16], On the morning of 7 November 1987, doctors attending to President Bourguiba filed an official medical report declaring him medically incapacitated and unable to fulfill the duties of the presidency. [27][168] According to Sharia court rulings, flogging ranges from 80 to 200 lashes. The latter measures were clearly aimed at keeping Ben Ali in office; he faced having to give up the presidency in 2004. Scientific output, expenditures in research and development (R&D), intellectual property filings and venture capital (VC) deals continued to grow in 2021, building on strong pre-crisis peak performance. The Trucial Oman Scouts were turned over to the United Arab Emirates, as the nucleus of its defence forces in 1971, with the formation of the UAE, and was absorbed into the Union Defence Force. Namibia (96) leads worldwide in expenditure on education and performs well above the regional average on human capital and research. In 2008, in terms of freedom of the press, Tunisia was ranked 143 out of 173. About 100km (62mi) to the northeast of Liwa is the Al-Buraimi oasis, which extends on both sides of the Abu Dhabi-Oman border. [121] In December 2019,[122] the EAU became the only Arab country, and one of only five countries in the world, to attain gender parity in a national legislative body, with its lower house 50 per cent women. The President and Vice President are elected by the Federal Supreme Council. Abu Libdeh, A. The United Arab Emirates has the most diversified economy among the members of the Gulf Cooperation Council. For each economy a one-page profile is produced in which that economys performance on all indicators is recorded, relative to all other economies in the Index. [98], South and west of Abu Dhabi, vast, rolling sand dunes merge into the Rub al-Khali (Empty Quarter) of Saudi Arabia. It has been the crossroads of trading for many civilizations, including Mesopotamia, Persia, and India. The ensuing Wadi Suq period and three Iron Ages saw the emergence of nomadism as well as the development of water management and irrigation systems supporting human settlement in both the coast and interior. In May 2014, an Asian housemaid was sentenced to death by stoning in Abu Dhabi. The education system through secondary level is monitored by the Ministry of Education in all emirates except Abu Dhabi, where it falls under the authority of the Abu Dhabi Education Council. Venture capital (VC) deals exploded by 46 percent in 2021, recording levels comparable to the internet boom years of the late 1990s. The UAE's judicial system is derived from the civil law system and Sharia law. The Emirate of Dubai extends along the Persian Gulf coast of the UAE for approximately 72km (45mi). Between 2000 and 2018, average real gross domestic product (GDP) growth was at close to 4%. All prime ministers but one have served concurrently as vice president. The GII finds that productivity growth - normally spurred by increased innovation - has in fact stagnated. About twenty non-political groups operate on the territory without registration. Ben Ali and his family went to exile in Jeddah, the same city where Idi Amin, the late dictator of Uganda, lived in exile until his death in 2003 after being removed from power in 1979 at the end of the UgandaTanzania War. This empowered by a strong digital and talented ecosystem. Consequently, a knowledge of English is a requirement when applying for most local jobs. The Innovation Output Sub-Index captures the actual result of innovative activities within the economy and is divided in two pillars: (6) Knowledge and technology outputs and (7) Creative outputs. [244][249], In 2013, 94 Emirati activists were held in secret detention centres and put on trial for allegedly attempting to overthrow the government. The UAE is also producing weapons and ammunition through Caracal International, military transport vehicles through Nimr LLC and unmanned aerial vehicles collectively through Emirates Defence Industries Company. Meat and rice are other staple foods, with lamb and mutton preferred to goat and beef. [285] The UAE Government avails official social media accounts to communicate with public and hear their needs. [146] Pakistan was the first country to formally recognize the UAE upon its formation. var stopVideo = function(obj) { Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}24N 54E / 24N 54E / 24; 54. [77] She was also the president of the Arab Women Organization, which works to empower women in Arab states. [286] Since its independence in 1971, the UAE's economy has grown by nearly 231 times to 1.45 trillion AED in 2013. On 9 February 2021, the UAE achieved a historic milestone when its probe, named Hope, successfully reached Mars' orbit. Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan succeeded Khalifa as Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi. [342][343] The UAE has also hosted one full edition of Indian Premier League (IPL) in 2020 and two partial editions of the Indian Premier League (IPL) in 2014 and 2021.[344]. Ben Ali has three daughters from his first marriage: Ghazwa, Dorsaf and Cyrine. [377] There is currently only one Hindu temple in the UAE in Dubai, the Hindu Temple, Dubai (referred to locally as Shiva and Krishna Mandir) located in Dubai. [164] The United Arab Emirates Army operates a customized Leclerc tank and is the only other operator of the tank aside from the French Army. All associations and NGOs have to register through the Ministry of Social Affairs and are therefore under de facto State control. Under his rule, Tunisia consistently ranked near the bottom of most international rankings for human rights and press freedom. [225][226] Blasphemy is illegal; expatriates involved in insulting Islam are liable for deportation. [109][110][111][112] According to The New York Times, the UAE is "an autocracy with the sheen of a progressive, modern state". These migrant workers are left open to labor abuse, where they also fear reporting exploitation due to their illegal status. [23] The United Arab Emirates has the most diversified economy among the members of the Gulf Cooperation Council. It consists of about forty houses with its own clinic and telephone exchange. The government does not levy income tax, although there is a corporate tax in place and a 5% value-added tax was established in 2018. The headquarters of the International Cricket Council (ICC) have been located in the Dubai Sports City complex since 2005, including the ICC Academy which was established in 2009. In 2007, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum decreed that journalists can no longer be prosecuted or imprisoned for reasons relating to their work. Other religions also exist in the United Arab Emirates, including Sikhism, Buddhism, Judaism, Bahs and Druze. Among the top 50, Ireland will climb three spots. There are also many private schools which are internationally accredited. [65] A destroyer group approached the island Abu Musa as well. overtaking Australia. [244][249] The report included 16 different methods of torture including severe beatings, threats with electrocution and denying access to medical care. Peru, Brazil and Jamaica (76) also performed on innovation above expectation for their level of development. Specific supermarkets may sell alcohol, but these products are sold in separate sections. Available at: Guzansky, Y., & Winter, O. [3] Ben Ali was the penultimate surviving leader deposed in the Arab Spring who was survived by Egypt's Hosni Mubarak, the latter dying in February 2020.
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